Patient leaflets and SmPCs, drug interaction checker, official dosages and NHS pharmacy opening hours — all in one place.
Patient leaflets and SmPCs, drug interaction checker, official dosages and NHS pharmacy opening hours — all in one place.
The electronic medicines compendium (emc) no longer publishes a Summary of Product Characteristics for this product, which usually means it is no longer marketed in the UK. The patient leaflet below is kept for reference, but the product may not be available.
If you were prescribed this medicine, other products containing Avibactam sodium, Ceftazidime pentahydrate may still be available. Do not stop your treatment — ask your pharmacist or GP what to use instead.
for
What Zavicefta is Zavicefta is an antibiotic medicine that contains two active substances ceftazidime and avibactam. • Ceftazidime belongs to the group of antibiotics called "cephalosporins". It can kill many types of bacteria. • Avibactam is a "beta-lactamase inhibitor" that helps ceftazidime kill some bacteria that it cannot kill on its own. What Zavicefta is used for Zavicefta is used in adults and paediatric patients from birth to treat: • infections of the stomach and gut (abdomen) • infections of the bladder or kidneys called "urinary tract infections" • an infection of the lungs called "pneumonia" • infections caused by bacteria that other antibiotics may not be able to kill Zavicefta is used in adults to treat infection of the blood associated with infections of the abdomen, urinary tract, or pneumonia. How Zavicefta works Zavicefta works by killing certain types of bacteria, which can cause serious infections. 2.
e Zavicefta
Do not use Zavicefta if: • you are allergic to ceftazidime, avibactam or any of the other ingredients of this medicine (listed in section 6) • you are allergic to other cephalosporin antibiotics • you have ever had a severe allergic reaction to other antibiotics belonging to the penicillin or carbapenem groups
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Do not use Zavicefta if any of the above apply to you. If you are not sure, talk to your doctor or nurse before using Zavicefta. Warnings and precautions Talk to your doctor or nurse before using Zavicefta if: • you have ever had any allergic reaction (even if only a skin rash) to other antibiotics belonging to the penicillin or carbapenem groups. • serious skin reactions including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) have been reported in association with ceftazidime treatment. Seek medical attention immediately if you notice any of the symptoms related to these serious skin reactions described in section 4. • you have kidney problems – your doctor may give you a lower dose to make sure you don't get too much medicine. This could cause symptoms such as fits (see section If you use more Zavicefta than you should). If any of the above apply to you (or you are not sure), talk to your doctor or nurse before using Zavicefta. Talk to your doctor or nurse if you suffer from diarrhoea during your treatment. Other infections There is a small possibility that you may get a different infection caused by another bacteria during or after treatment with Zavicefta. These include thrush (fungal infections of the mouth or genital area). Lab tests Tell your doctor that you are taking Zavicefta if you are going to have any tests. This is because you may get an abnormal result with a test called "DAGT" or "Coombs". This test looks for antibodies that fight against your red blood cells. Zavicefta can also affect the results of some urine tests for sugar. Tell the person taking the sample that you have been given Zavicefta. Other medicines and Zavicefta Tell your doctor or nurse if you are using, have recently used or might use any other medicines. Talk to your doctor before using Zavicefta if you are taking any of the following medicines: • an antibiotic called chloramphenicol • a type of antibiotic called an aminoglycoside – such as gentamicin, tobramycin • a water tablet called furosemide • a medicine for gout called probenecid Tell your doctor before using Zavicefta if any of the above apply to you. Pregnancy and breast-feeding If you are pregnant or breast-feeding, think you may be pregnant or are planning to have a baby, ask your doctor for advice before using this medicine. Driving and using machines Zavicefta may make you feel dizzy. This may affect you being able to drive, use tools or machines. Zavicefta contains sodium This medicine contains approximately 146 mg sodium (main component of cooking/table salt) in each vial. This is equivalent to 7.3% of the recommended maximum daily dietary intake for sodium for an adult. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist if you need 3 or more vials daily for a prolonged period, especially if you have been advised to have a low salt (sodium) diet.
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3.
Zavicefta
Zavicefta will be given to you by a doctor or a nurse. How much to use The recommended dose for adults is one vial (2 g of ceftazidime and 0.5 g of avibactam), every 8 hours. The dose for paediatric patients from birth will be calculated by the doctor based on the weight and age of the child. It is given as a drip into a vein – this will normally take about 2 hours. A course of treatment usually lasts from 5 to up to 14 days, depending on the type of infection you have and how you respond to treatment. People with kidney problems If you have kidney problems your doctor may lower your dose. This is because Zavicefta is removed from your body by the kidneys. If you use more Zavicefta than you should Zavicefta will be given to you by a doctor or a nurse, so it is unlikely you will be given the wrong dose. However, if you have side effects or think you have been given too much Zavicefta, tell your doctor or nurse straight away. If you have too much Zavicefta it could have an effect on the brain and cause fits or coma. If you miss a dose of Zavicefta If you think you have missed a dose, tell your doctor or nurse straight away. If you have any further questions on the use of this medicine, ask your doctor or nurse. 4.
Possible side effects
Like all medicines, this medicine can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them. The following
may happen with this medicine: Serious side effects Tell your doctor straight away if you notice any of the following serious side effects – you may need urgent medical treatment: • reddish patches on the trunk, the patches are target-like macules or circular, often with central blisters, skin peeling, ulcers of mouth, throat, nose, genitals and eyes. These serious skin rashes can be preceded by fever and flu-like symptoms (Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis). • widespread rash, high body temperature and enlarged lymph nodes (DRESS syndrome or drug hypersensitivity syndrome). • a red, scaly widespread rash with bumps under the skin and blisters accompanied by fever. The symptoms usually appear at the initiation of treatment (acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis). • severe allergic reactions – signs include sudden swelling of your lips, face, throat or tongue, a severe rash or other severe skin reactions, difficulty swallowing or breathing, or sudden chest pain (which may be a sign of Kounis syndrome). These reactions may be life-threatening. • diarrhoea that keeps getting worse or does not go away, or stools that contains blood or mucus – this may happen during or after treatment is stopped with Zavicefta. If this happens do not take medicines that stop or slow bowel movement. Tell your doctor straight away if you notice any of the serious side effects above.
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Other side effects Tell your doctor or nurse if you notice any of the following side effects: Very common: (may affect more than 1 in 10 people) • abnormal result with a test called "DAGT" or "Coombs". This test looks for antibodies that fight against your red blood cells. It is possible that this could cause anaemia (which may make you feel tired) and jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes) Common: (may affect up to 1 in 10 people) • fungal infections, including those of the mouth and vagina • change in the number of some types of blood cells (called "eosinophils" and "thrombocytes") – shown in blood tests • headache • feeling dizzy • feeling sick (nausea) or being sick (vomiting) • stomach pain • diarrhoea • increase in the amount of some enzymes produced by your liver – shown in blood tests • raised itchy skin rash ("hives") • itchiness • redness, pain or swelling where Zavicefta was given into a vein • fever Uncommon: (may affect up to 1 in 100 people) • increase in the number of a type of blood cell (called "lymphocytes") – shown in blood tests • decrease in the number of some types of blood cells (called "leucocytes") – shown in blood tests • tingling or numbness • bad taste in your mouth • an increase in the level of some types of substances in your blood (called "creatinine" and "urea"). These show how well your kidneys are working. Very rare: (may affect up to 1 in 10,000 people) • swelling in a part of the kidney that causes a reduction in its normal working function Not known: (frequency cannot be estimated from the available data) • significant decrease in the type of white blood cells used to fight infection – shown in blood tests • decrease in the number of red blood cells (haemolytic anaemia) – shown in blood tests • severe allergic reaction (see Serious side effects, above) • yellowing of the whites of the eyes or skin • sudden onset of a severe rash or blistering or peeling skin, possibly accompanied by a high fever or joint pain (these may be signs of more serious medical conditions such as toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, erythema multiforme, a condition known as DRESS, Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms or acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP)) • swelling under the skin, particularly lips and around the eyes Tell your doctor or nurse if you notice any of the side effects listed above. Reporting of side effects If you get any side effects, talk to your doctor, pharmacist or nurse. This includes any possible side effects not listed in this leaflet. You can also report side effects directly via the Yellow Card Scheme at: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store. By reporting side effects you can help provide more information on the safety of this medicine. Page 4 of 10
5.
Zavicefta
Keep this medicine out of the sight and reach of children. Do not use this medicine after the expiry date which is stated on the container. The expiry date refers to the last day of that month. Store in the original package in order to protect from light. Do not throw away any medicines via wastewater or household waste. Ask your pharmacist how to throw away medicines you no longer require. These measures will help to protect the environment. 6.
What Zavicefta contains • The active substances are ceftazidime and avibactam. Each vial contains ceftazidime pentahydrate equivalent to 2 g ceftazidime and avibactam sodium equivalent to 0.5 g avibactam. • The other ingredient is sodium carbonate (anhydrous) (see section 2 "Zavicefta contains sodium"). What Zavicefta looks like and contents of the pack Zavicefta is a white to yellow powder for concentrate for solution for infusion in a vial. It is available in packs containing 10 vials. Marketing Authorisation Holder Pfizer Limited, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, UK. Manufacturer ACS Dobfar S.p.A. Via Alessandro Fleming 2 Verona 37135 Italy For any information about this medicine, please contact: Medical Information, Pfizer Ltd, Walton Oaks, Dorking Road, Tadworth, Surrey, KT20 7NS. Telephone 01304 616161. This leaflet was last revised in 06/2025 Ref: ZV 16_0 —————————————————————————————————————————-The following information is intended for healthcare professionals only: Important: Please refer to the Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) before prescribing. The compatibility of Zavicefta with other medicines has not been established. Zavicefta should not be mixed with or physically added to solutions containing other medicinal products. Page 5 of 10
The powder must be reconstituted with water for injections and the resulting concentrate must then be immediately diluted prior to use. The reconstituted solution is a pale yellow solution and is free of particles. Mix gently to reconstitute and check to see that the contents have dissolved completely. Parenteral medicinal products should be inspected visually for particulate matter prior to administration. Infusion bags If the intravenous solution is prepared with diluents listed in section 6.6 of the SmPC (ceftazidime concentration 8 mg/mL), the chemical and physical in-use stability has been demonstrated (from initial vial puncture) for up to 12 hours at 2 – 8°C, followed by up to 4 hours at not more than 25°C. If the intravenous solution is prepared with diluents listed in section 6.6 of the SmPC (ceftazidime concentration > 8 mg/mL to 40 mg/mL), the chemical and physical in-use stability has been demonstrated (from initial vial puncture) for up to 4 hours at not more than 25°C. From a microbiological point of view, the medicinal product should be used immediately, unless reconstitution and dilution have taken place in controlled and validated aseptic conditions. If not used immediately, in-use storage times and conditions prior to use are the responsibility of the user and must not exceed those stated above. Infusion syringes If the intravenous solution is prepared with diluents listed in section 6.6 of the SmPC (ceftazidime concentration ≥ 8 mg/mL to 40 mg/mL), the chemical and physical in-use stability has been demonstrated (from initial vial puncture) for up to 6 hours at not more than 25°C. From a microbiological point of view, the medicinal product should be used immediately unless reconstitution and dilution have taken place in controlled and validated aseptic conditions. If not used immediately, in-use storage times and conditions prior to use are the responsibility of the user and must not exceed 6 hours at not more than 25°C. Zavicefta (ceftazidime/avibactam) is a combination product; each vial contains 2 g of ceftazidime and 0.5 g of avibactam in a fixed 4:1 ratio. Dosage recommendations are based on the ceftazidime component only. Standard aseptic techniques should be used for solution preparation and administration. Doses may be prepared in an appropriately sized infusion bag or infusion syringe. The resulting solution should be administered over 120 minutes. Each vial is for single use only. Any unused product or waste material should be disposed of in accordance with local requirements. The total time interval between starting reconstitution and completing preparation of the intravenous infusion should not exceed 30 minutes. Instructions for preparing adult and paediatric doses in INFUSION BAG or in INFUSION SYRINGE: NOTE: The following procedure describes the steps to prepare an infusion solution with a final concentration of 8-40 mg/mL of ceftazidime. All calculations should be completed prior to initiating these steps.
1. Prepare the reconstituted solution (167.3 mg/mL of ceftazidime): a) Insert the syringe needle through the vial closure and inject 10 mL of sterile water for injections. b) Withdraw the needle and shake the vial to give a clear solution. c) Insert a gas relief needle through the vial closure after the product has dissolved to relieve the internal pressure (this is important to preserve product sterility). 2. Prepare the final solution for infusion (final concentration must be 8-40 mg/mL of ceftazidime): a) Infusion bag: Further dilute the reconstituted solution by transferring an appropriately calculated volume of the reconstituted solution to an infusion bag containing any of the following: sodium chloride 9 mg/mL (0.9%) solution for injection, dextrose 50 mg/mL (5%) solution for injection, or Lactated Ringer's solution. b) Infusion syringe: Further dilute the reconstituted solution by transferring an appropriately calculated volume of the reconstituted solution combined with a sufficient volume of diluent (sodium chloride 9 mg/mL (0.9%) solution for injection or dextrose 50 mg/mL (5%) solution for injection) to an infusion syringe. Refer to the Table below. Preparation of Zavicefta for adult and paediatric doses in INFUSION BAG or in INFUSION SYRINGE. Volume to withdraw from Final volume after Final volume in Zavicefta reconstituted vial dilution in infusion infusion syringe3 Dose 2 1 bag (ceftazidime) 2g Entire contents 50 mL to 250 mL 50 mL (approximately 12 mL) 1g 6 mL 25 mL to 125 mL 25 mL to 50 mL 0.75 g 4.5 mL 19 mL to 93 mL 19 mL to 50 mL All other doses Volume (mL) will vary Volume (mL) will vary Volume (mL) calculated based on infusion bag based on infusion based on dose required: size availability and syringe size availability preferred final and preferred final Dose (mg ceftazidime) ÷ concentration concentration 167.3 mg/mL ceftazidime (must be 8-40 mg/mL of (must be 8-40 mg/mL of ceftazidime) ceftazidime) 1 Based on ceftazidime component only. 2 Dilute to final ceftazidime concentration of 8 mg/mL for in-use stability up to 12 hours at 2 – 8°C, followed by up to 4 hours at not more than 25°C (i.e. dilute 2 g dose of ceftazidime in 250 mL, 1 g dose of ceftazidime in 125 mL, 0.75 g dose of ceftazidime in 93 mL, etc.). All other ceftazidime concentrations (> 8 mg/mL to 40 mg/mL) have in-use stability up to 4 hours at not more than 25°C. 3 Dilute to final ceftazidime concentration ≥ 8 mg/mL to 40 mg/mL for in-use stability up to 6 hours at not more than 25°C. Paediatric patients 3 to 12 months of age NOTE: The following procedure describes the steps to prepare an infusion solution with a final concentration of 20 mg/mL of ceftazidime (sufficient for most scenarios). Alternative concentrations may be prepared, but must have a final concentration range of 8-40 mg/mL of ceftazidime. 1. Prepare the reconstituted solution (167.3 mg/mL of ceftazidime): a) Insert the syringe needle through the vial closure and inject 10 mL of sterile water for injections. b) Withdraw the needle and shake the vial to give a clear solution. c) Insert a gas relief needle through the vial closure after the product has dissolved to relieve the internal pressure (this is important to preserve product sterility). 2. Prepare the final solution for infusion to a final concentration of 20 mg/mL of ceftazidime: a) Further dilute the reconstituted solution by transferring an appropriately calculated volume of the reconstituted solution combined with a sufficient volume of diluent (sodium chloride 9 mg/mL Page 7 of 10
(0.9%) solution for injection or dextrose 50 mg/mL (5%) solution for injection) to an infusion syringe. b) Refer to the Tables below to confirm the calculations. Values shown are approximate as it may be necessary to round to the nearest graduation mark of an appropriately sized syringe. Note that the tables are NOT inclusive of all possible calculated doses but may be utilised to estimate the approximate volume to verify the calculation. Preparation of Zavicefta (final concentration of 20 mg/mL of ceftazidime) in paediatric patients 3 to 12 months of age with creatinine clearance (CrCL) > 50 mL/min/1.73 m2 Volume of reconstituted solution Volume of diluent Age and Zavicefta Weight Dose to be withdrawn from vial to add for mixing Dose (mg/kg)1 (kg) (mg ceftazidime) (mL) (mL) 5 250 1.5 11 6 300 1.8 13 6 months to 7 350 2.1 15 12 months 8 400 2.4 18 9 450 2.7 20 50 mg/kg 10 500 3 22 of ceftazidime 11 550 3.3 24 12 600 3.6 27 4 160 1 7.4 5 200 1.2 8.8 3 months to 6 240 1.4 10 < 6 months 7 280 1.7 13 40 mg/kg 8 320 1.9 14 of ceftazidime 9 360 2.2 16 10 400 2.4 18 1 Based on ceftazidime component only. Preparation of Zavicefta (final concentration of 20 mg/mL of ceftazidime) in paediatric patients 3 to 12 months of age with CrCL 31 to 50 mL/min/1.73 m2 Volume of reconstituted solution Volume of Age and Zavicefta Weight Dose to be withdrawn from vial diluent to add for dose (mg/kg)1 (kg) (mg ceftazidime) (mL) mixing (mL) 5 125 0.75 5.5 6 150 0.9 6.6 6 months to 7 175 1 7.4 12 months 8 200 1.2 8.8 9 225 1.3 9.6 25 mg/kg 10 250 1.5 11 of ceftazidime 11 275 1.6 12 12 300 1.8 13 4 80 0.48 3.5 5 100 0.6 4.4 3 months to 6 120 0.72 5.3 < 6 months 7 140 0.84 6.2 20 mg/kg 8 160 1 7.4 of ceftazidime 9 180 1.1 8.1 10 200 1.2 8.8 1 Based on ceftazidime component only.
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Preparation of Zavicefta (final concentration of 20 mg/mL of ceftazidime) in paediatric patients 3 to 12 months of age with CrCL 16 to 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 Volume of reconstituted solution Volume of Age and Zavicefta Weight Dose to be withdrawn from vial diluent to add for 1 dose (mg/kg) (kg) (mg ceftazidime) (mL) mixing (mL) 5 93.75 0.56 4.1 6 112.5 0.67 4.9 6 months to 7 131.25 0.78 5.7 12 months 8 150 0.9 6.6 9 168.75 1 7.4 18.75 mg/kg 10 187.5 1.1 8.1 of ceftazidime 11 206.25 1.2 8.8 12 225 1.3 9.6 4 60 0.36 2.7 5 75 0.45 3.3 3 months to 6 90 0.54 4 < 6 months 7 105 0.63 4.6 15 mg/kg 8 120 0.72 5.3 of ceftazidime 9 135 0.81 6 10 150 0.9 6.6 1 Based on ceftazidime component only. Paediatric patients from birth (including preterm) to < 3 months of age: NOTE: The following procedure describes the steps to prepare a stock infusion solution with a final concentration of 10 mg/mL of ceftazidime appropriate for administering doses under 250 mg to paediatric patients from birth (including preterm) to < 3 months of age. Alternative concentrations may be prepared, but must have a final concentration range of 8-40 mg/mL of ceftazidime. 1. Prepare the reconstituted solution (167.3 mg/mL of ceftazidime): a) Insert the syringe needle through the vial closure and inject 10 mL of sterile water for injections. b) Withdraw the needle and shake the vial to give a clear solution. c) Insert a gas relief needle through the vial closure after the product has dissolved to relieve the internal pressure (this is important to preserve product sterility). 2. Prepare the final stock solution for infusion to a final concentration of 10 mg/mL of ceftazidime: a) Further dilute the reconstituted solution by transferring 3 mL of the reconstituted solution to an infusion bag or a syringe containing 47 mL of diluent (sodium chloride 9 mg/mL (0.9%) solution for injection or dextrose 50 mg/mL (5%) solution for injection) to provide a final volume of 50 mL. b) Mix thoroughly (e.g. gently invert the infusion bag or using a syringe connector gently pass the solution back and forth at least 5 times between 2 syringes). c) Transfer an appropriate volume of the 10 mg/mL of ceftazidime stock solution to an infusion syringe. Refer to the table below for the volume of the stock solution to transfer to the infusion syringe to be administered. Values shown are approximate as it may be necessary to round to the nearest graduation mark of an appropriately sized syringe. Note that the tables are NOT inclusive of all possible calculated doses but may be utilised to estimate the approximate volume to verify the calculation. Zavicefta dosing in paediatric patients from birth (including preterm) to < 3 months of age using a 50 mL stock solution of Zavicefta (final concentration of 10 mg/mL of ceftazidime) prepared with 3 mL reconstituted solution withdrawn from the vial and added to 47 mL diluent.
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Age and Zavicefta dose (mg/kg)1
Weight (kg)
3 3.5 4 4.5 5 OR 5.5 6 Preterm infants from > 44 6.5 weeks to < 53 weeks 7 PMA 7.5 30 mg/kg of ceftazidime 8 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 Full term neonates (gestation ≥ 37 weeks) 1.8 from birth to ≤ 28 days 2 2.2 OR 2.4 2.6 Preterm neonates and 2.8 infants from 26 to ≤ 3 44 weeks PMA 3.5 20 mg/kg of ceftazidime 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 1 Based on ceftazidime component only. Full term infants (gestation ≥ 37 weeks) from > 28 days to < 3 months
Dose (mg ceftazidime) 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
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Volume of 10 mg/mL (ceftazidime) stock solution to be administered (mL) 9 10.5 12 13.5 15 16.5 18 19.5 21 22.5 24 1.6 2 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4 4.4 4.8 5.2 5.6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Zavicefta 2 g/0.5g powder for concentrate for solution for infusion comes as infusion containing 2g / 0.5g. Always follow the dose your doctor or pharmacist has given you, and read the leaflet that comes with the medicine.
The active substance in Zavicefta 2 g/0.5g powder for concentrate for solution for infusion is avibactam sodium, ceftazidime pentahydrate.
This leaflet reproduces the patient information leaflet approved for Zavicefta 2 g/0.5g powder for concentrate for solution for infusion, as published on the electronic medicines compendium (emc). The version printed inside your medicine’s packaging is the one that applies to you.
Whether a medicine is available over the counter or on prescription only depends on its licence. Check the leaflet, or ask your pharmacist — they can tell you straight away.
The text above reproduces the patient information leaflet approved for this medicine, restructured for easier reading.
Zavicefta is indicated in adults and paediatric patients from birth for the treatment of the following infections (see sections 4.4 and 5.1):
• Complicated intra-abdominal infection (cIAI)
• Complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI), including pyelonephritis
• Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), including ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP)
Treatment of adult patients with bacteraemia that occurs in association with, or is suspected to be associated with, any of the infections listed above.
Zavicefta is also indicated for the treatment of infections due to aerobic Gram-negative organisms in adults and paediatric patients from birth with limited treatment options (see sections 4.2, 4.4 and 5.1).
Consideration should be given to official guidance on the appropriate use of antibacterial agents.
It is recommended that Zavicefta should be used to treat infections due to aerobic Gram-negative organisms in adults and paediatric patients from birth with limited treatment options only after consultation with a physician with appropriate experience in the management of infectious diseases (see section 4.4).
Posology
Dosage in adults with creatinine clearance (CrCL) > 50 mL/min
Table 1 shows the recommended intravenous dose for adults with estimated creatinine clearance (CrCL) > 50 mL/min (see sections 4.4 and 5.1).
Table 1: Recommended dose for adults with estimated CrCL > 50 mL/min1
Type of infection
Dose of ceftazidime/avibactam
Frequency
Infusion time
Duration of treatment
cIAI2,3
2 g/0.5 g
Every 8 hours
2 hours
5-14 days
cUTI, including pyelonephritis3
2 g/0.5 g
Every 8 hours
2 hours
5-10 days4
HAP/VAP3
2 g/0.5 g
Every 8 hours
2 hours
7-14 days
Bacteraemia associated with, or suspected to be associated with any of the above infections
2 g/0.5 g
Every 8 hours
2 hours
Duration of treatment should be in accordance with the site of infection.
Infections due to aerobic Gram-negative organisms in patients with limited treatment options2,3
2 g/0.5 g
Every 8 hours
2 hours
Guided by the severity of the infection, the pathogen(s) and the patient's clinical and bacteriological progress5
1 CrCL estimated using the Cockcroft-Gault formula.
2 To be used in combination with metronidazole when anaerobic pathogens are known or suspected to be contributing to the infectious process.
3 To be used in combination with an antibacterial agent active against Gram-positive pathogens when these are known or suspected to be contributing to the infectious process.
4 The total duration shown may include intravenous Zavicefta followed by appropriate oral therapy.
5 There is very limited experience with the use of Zavicefta for more than 14 days.
Dosage in paediatric patients with creatinine clearance (CrCL) > 50 mL/min/1.73 m2
Table 2 shows the recommended intravenous doses for paediatric patients with estimated creatinine clearance (CrCL) > 50 mL/min/1.73 m2 (see sections 4.4 and 5.1).
Table 2: Recommended dose for paediatric patients from 3 months of age with estimated CrCL1 > 50 mL/min/1.73 m2
Type of infection
Age group8
Dose of ceftazidime/avibactam7
Frequency
Infusion time
Duration of treatment
cIAI2,3
OR
cUTI including pyelonephritis3
OR
HAP/VAP3
OR
Infections due to aerobic Gram-negative organisms in patients with limited treatment options (LTO)2,3
6 months to < 18 years
50 mg/kg/12.5 mg/kg
to a maximum of
2 g/0.5 g
Every 8 hours
2 hours
cIAI: 5 – 14 days
cUTI4: 5 – 14 days
HAP/VAP: 7 – 14 days
LTO: Guided by the severity of the infection, the pathogen(s) and the patient's clinical and bacteriological progress5
Every 8 hours
2 hours
3 months to < 6 months6
40 mg/kg/10 mg/kg
Every 8 hours
2 hours
1 CrCL estimated using the Schwartz bedside formula.
2 To be used in combination with metronidazole when anaerobic pathogens are known or suspected to be contributing to the infectious process.
3 To be used in combination with an antibacterial agent active against Gram-positive pathogens when these are known or suspected to be contributing to the infectious process.
4 The total treatment duration shown may include intravenous Zavicefta followed by appropriate oral therapy.
5 There is very limited experience with the use of Zavicefta for more than 14 days.
6 There is limited experience with the use of Zavicefta in paediatric patients 3 months to < 6 months (see section 5.2).
7 Ceftazidime/avibactam is a combination product in a fixed 4:1 ratio and dosage recommendations are based on the ceftazidime component only (see section 6.6).
8 Paediatric patients studied from 3 to 12 months of age were full term (≥ 37 weeks gestation).
Table 3: Recommended dose for paediatric patients less than 3 months of age9
Type of infection
Age group
Dose of ceftazidime/avibactam5
Frequency
Infusion time
Duration of treatment
cIAI1,2
OR
cUTI including pyelonephritis2
OR
HAP/VAP2
OR
Infections due to aerobic Gram-negative organisms in patients with limited treatment options (LTO)1,2
Full term neonates and infants
> 28 days to < 3 months
30 mg/kg/7.5 mg/kg
Every 8 hours
2 hours
cIAI: 5 – 14 days
cUTI3: 5 – 14 days
HAP/VAP: 7 – 14 days
LTO: Guided by the severity of the infection, the pathogen(s) and the patient's clinical and bacteriological progress4
Birth to ≤ 28 days
20 mg/kg/5 mg/kg
Preterm neonates and infants6
> 44 weeks to < 53 weeks PMA7
30 mg/kg/7.5 mg/kg
Every 8 hours
2 hours
31 to ≤ 44 weeks PMA7
20 mg/kg/5 mg/kg
26 to < 31 weeks PMA7,8
20 mg/kg/5 mg/kg
Every 12 hours
2 hours
1 To be used in combination with metronidazole when anaerobic pathogens are known or suspected to be contributing to the infectious process.
2 To be used in combination with an antibacterial agent active against Gram-positive pathogens when these are known or suspected to be contributing to the infectious process.
3 The total treatment duration shown may include intravenous Zavicefta followed by appropriate oral therapy.
4 There is very limited experience with the use of Zavicefta for more than 14 days.
5 Ceftazidime/avibactam is a combination product in a fixed 4:1 ratio and dosage recommendations are based on the ceftazidime component only (see section 6.6).
6 Preterm defined as < 37 weeks gestation.
7 Postmenstrual age.
8 Dose recommendations for patients 26 to < 31 weeks PMA are based on pharmacokinetic modelling only (see section 5.2).
9 Patients with serum creatinine at or below the upper limit of normal for age.
Special populations
Elderly
No dosage adjustment is required in elderly patients (see section 5.2).
Renal impairment
Table 4 shows the recommended dose adjustments for adults with estimated CrCL ≤ 50 mL/min (see sections 4.4 and 5.2).
Dosage in adults with CrCL ≤ 50 mL/min
Table 4: Recommended dose for adults with estimated CrCL1 ≤ 50 mL/min
Age group
Estimated CrCL
(mL/min)
Dose of ceftazidime/avibactam2,4
Frequency
Infusion time
Adults
31-50
1 g/0.25 g
Every 8 hours
2 hours
16-30
0.75 g/0.1875 g
Every 12 hours
6-15
Every 24 hours
End Stage Renal Disease including on haemodialysis3
Every 48 hours
1 CrCL estimated using the Cockcroft-Gault formula.
2 Dose recommendations are based on pharmacokinetic modelling (see section 5.2).
3 Ceftazidime and avibactam are removed by haemodialysis (see sections 4.9 and 5.2). Dosing of Zavicefta on haemodialysis days should occur after completion of haemodialysis.
4 Ceftazidime/avibactam is a combination product in a fixed 4:1 ratio and dosage recommendations are based on the ceftazidime component only (see section 6.6).
Table 5 and Table 6 show the recommended dose adjustments for paediatric patients with estimated CrCL ≤ 50 mL/min/1.73 m2 according to different age groups (see sections 4.4 and 5.2).
Dosage in paediatric patients ≥ 2 years of age with CrCl ≤ 50 mL/min/1.73 m2
Table 5: Recommended dose for paediatric patients aged 2 years to < 18 years with estimated CrCL1 ≤ 50 mL/min/1.73 m2
Age group
Estimated CrCL
(mL/min/1.73 m2)
Dose of ceftazidime/avibactam2,4
Frequency
Infusion time
Paediatric patients aged 2 years to < 18 years
31-50
25 mg/kg/6.25 mg/kg
to a maximum of
1 g/0.25 g
Every 8 hours
2 hours
16-30
18.75 mg/kg/4.7 mg/kg
to a maximum of
0.75 g/0.1875 g
Every 12 hours
6-15
Every 24 hours
End Stage Renal Disease including on haemodialysis3
Every 48 hours
1 CrCL estimated using the Schwartz bedside formula.
2 Dose recommendations are based on pharmacokinetic modelling (see section 5.2).
3 Ceftazidime and avibactam are removed by haemodialysis (see sections 4.9 and 5.2). Dosing of Zavicefta on haemodialysis days should occur after completion of haemodialysis.
4 Ceftazidime/avibactam is a combination product in a fixed 4:1 ratio and dosage recommendations are based on the ceftazidime component only (see section 6.6).
Dosage in paediatric patients 3 months to < 2 years of age with CrCl ≤ 50 mL/min/1.73 m2
Table 6: Recommended dose for paediatric patients aged 3 months to < 2 years with estimated CrCL1 ≤ 50 mL/min/1.73 m2
Age group4
Estimated CrCL
(mL/min/1.73 m2)
Dose of ceftazidime/avibactam2,3
Frequency
Infusion time
3 to < 6 months
31 to 50
20 mg/kg/5 mg/kg
Every 8 hours
2 hours
6 months to < 2 years
25 mg/kg/6.25 mg/kg
Every 8 hours
3 to < 6 months
16 to 30
15 mg/kg/3.75 mg/kg
Every 12 hours
6 months to < 2 years
18.75 mg/kg/4.7 mg/kg
Every 12 hours
1 Calculated using the Schwartz bedside formula.
2 Dose recommendations are based on pharmacokinetic modelling (see section 5.2).
3 Ceftazidime/avibactam is a combination product in a fixed 4:1 ratio and dosage recommendations are based on the ceftazidime component only (see section 6.6).
4 Paediatric patients studied from 3 to 12 months of age were full term (≥ 37 weeks gestation).
There is insufficient information to recommend a dosage regimen for paediatric patients aged 3 months to < 2 years of age that have a CrCL < 16 mL/min/1.73 m2.
There is insufficient information to recommend a dosage regimen for paediatric patients from birth to 3 months of age with signs of renal impairment.
Hepatic impairment
No dosage adjustment is required in patients with hepatic impairment (see section 5.2).
Method of administration
Intravenous use.
Zavicefta is administered by intravenous infusion over 120 minutes in an appropriate infusion volume (see section 6.6).
For instructions on reconstitution and dilution of the medicinal product before administration see section 6.6.
Hypersensitivity to the active substances or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1.
Hypersensitivity to any cephalosporin antibacterial agent.
Severe hypersensitivity (e.g. anaphylactic reaction, severe skin reaction) to any other type of β-lactam antibacterial agent (e.g. penicillins, monobactams or carbapenems).
Hypersensitivity reactions
Serious and occasionally fatal hypersensitivity reactions are possible (see sections 4.3 and 4.8). In case of hypersensitivity reactions, treatment with Zavicefta must be discontinued immediately and adequate emergency measures must be initiated.
There have been reports of hypersensitivity reactions which progressed to Kounis syndrome (acute allergic coronary arteriospasm that can result in myocardial infarction, see section 4.8).
Before beginning treatment, it should be established whether the patient has a history of hypersensitivity reactions to ceftazidime, to other cephalosporins or to any other type of β-lactam antibacterial agent. Caution should be used if ceftazidime/avibactam is given to patients with a history of non-severe hypersensitivity to penicillins, monobactams or carbapenems.
Severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), and acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), which can be life-threatening or fatal, have been reported with unknown frequency in association with ceftazidime treatment (see section 4.8).
Patients should be advised of the signs and symptoms and monitored closely for skin reactions.
If signs and symptoms suggestive of these reactions appear, Zavicefta should be withdrawn immediately, and an alternative treatment considered.
If the patient has developed a serious reaction such as SJS, TEN, DRESS or AGEP with the use of ceftazidime, treatment with Zavicefta must not be restarted in this patient at any time.
Clostridioides difficile - associated diarrhoea
Clostridioides difficile - associated diarrhoea has been reported with ceftazidime/avibactam, and can range in severity from mild to life-threatening. This diagnosis should be considered in patients who present with diarrhoea during or subsequent to the administration of Zavicefta (see section 4.8). Discontinuation of therapy with Zavicefta and the administration of specific treatment for Clostridioides difficile should be considered. Medicinal products that inhibit peristalsis should not be given.
Renal impairment
Ceftazidime and avibactam are eliminated via the kidneys, therefore, the dose should be reduced according to the degree of renal impairment (see section 4.2). Neurological sequelae, including tremor, myoclonus, non-convulsive status epilepticus, convulsion, encephalopathy and coma, have occasionally been reported with ceftazidime when the dose has not been reduced in patients with renal impairment.
In patients with renal impairment, close monitoring of estimated creatinine clearance is advised. In some patients, the creatinine clearance estimated from serum creatinine can change quickly, especially early in the course of treatment for the infection.
Nephrotoxicity
Concurrent treatment with high doses of cephalosporins and nephrotoxic medicinal products such as aminoglycosides or potent diuretics (e.g. furosemide) may adversely affect renal function.
Direct antiglobulin test (DAGT or Coombs test) seroconversion and potential risk of haemolytic anaemia
Ceftazidime/avibactam use may cause development of a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAGT, or Coombs test), which may interfere with the cross-matching of blood and/or may cause drug induced immune haemolytic anaemia (see section 4.8). While DAGT seroconversion in patients receiving Zavicefta was very common in clinical studies (the estimated range of seroconversion across Phase 3 studies was 3.2% to 20.8% in patients with a negative Coombs test at baseline and at least one follow-up test), there was no evidence of haemolysis in patients who developed a positive DAGT on treatment. However, the possibility that haemolytic anaemia could occur in association with Zavicefta treatment cannot be ruled out. Patients experiencing anaemia during or after treatment with Zavicefta should be investigated for this possibility.
Limitations of the clinical data
Clinical efficacy and safety studies of Zavicefta have been conducted in cIAI, cUTI and HAP (including VAP).
Complicated intra-abdominal infections in adults
In two studies in patients with cIAI, the most common diagnosis (approximately 42%) was appendiceal perforation or peri-appendiceal abscess. Approximately 87% of patients had APACHE II scores of ≤ 10 and 4% had bacteraemia at baseline. Death occurred in 2.1% (18/857) of patients who received Zavicefta and metronidazole and in 1.4% (12/863) of patients who received meropenem.
Among a subgroup with baseline CrCL 30 to 50 mL/min death occurred in 16.7% (9/54) of patients who received Zavicefta and metronidazole and 6.8% (4/59) of patients who received meropenem. Patients with CrCL 30 to 50 mL/min received a lower dose of Zavicefta than is currently recommended for patients in this sub-group.
Complicated urinary tract infections in adults
In two studies in patients with cUTI, 381/1091 (34.9%) patients were enrolled with cUTI without pyelonephritis while 710 (65.1%) were enrolled with acute pyelonephritis (mMITT population). A total of 81 cUTI patients (7.4%) had bacteraemia at baseline.
Hospital-acquired pneumonia (including ventilator-associated pneumonia) in adults
In a single study in patients with nosocomial pneumonia 280/808 (34.7%) had VAP and 40/808 (5%) were bacteraemic at baseline.
Patients with limited treatment options
The use of ceftazidime/avibactam to treat patients with infections due to Gram-negative aerobic pathogens who have limited treatment options is based on experience with ceftazidime alone and on analyses of the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship for ceftazidime/avibactam (see section 5.1).
Spectrum of activity of ceftazidime/avibactam
Ceftazidime has little or no activity against the majority of Gram-positive organisms and anaerobes (see sections 4.2 and 5.1). Additional antibacterial agents should be used when these pathogens are known or suspected to be contributing to the infectious process.
The inhibitory spectrum of avibactam includes many of the enzymes that inactivate ceftazidime, including Ambler class A β-lactamases and class C β-lactamases. Avibactam does not inhibit class B enzymes (metallo-β-lactamases) and is not able to inhibit many of the class D enzymes (see section 5.1).
Non-susceptible organisms
Prolonged use may result in the overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms (e.g. enterococci, fungi), which may require interruption of treatment or other appropriate measures.
Interference with laboratory tests
Ceftazidime may interfere with copper reduction methods (Benedict's, Fehling's, Clinitest) for detection of glycosuria leading to false positive results. Ceftazidime does not interfere with enzyme-based tests for glycosuria.
Controlled sodium diet
This medicinal product contains approximately 146 mg sodium per vial, equivalent to 7.3% of the WHO recommended maximum daily intake (RDI) of 2 g sodium for an adult.
The maximum daily dose of this product is equivalent to 22% of the WHO recommended maximum daily intake for sodium. Zavicefta is considered high in sodium.
This should be considered when administering Zavicefta to patients who are on a controlled sodium diet.
Zavicefta may be diluted with sodium-containing solutions (see section 6.6) and this should be considered in relation to the total sodium from all sources that will be administered to the patient.
Paediatric population
There is a potential risk of overdosing, particularly for paediatric patients from birth to less than 12 months of age. Care should be taken when calculating the volume of administration of the dose (see sections 4.9 and 6.6).
In vitro, avibactam is a substrate of OAT1 and OAT3 transporters which might contribute to the active uptake of avibactam from the blood compartment and, therefore, affect its excretion. Probenecid (a potent OAT inhibitor) inhibits this uptake by 56% to 70% in vitro and, therefore, has the potential to alter the elimination of avibactam. Since a clinical interaction study of avibactam and probenecid has not been conducted, co-administration of avibactam with probenecid is not recommended.
Avibactam showed no significant inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes in vitro. Avibactam and ceftazidime showed no in vitro cytochrome P450 induction at clinically relevant concentrations. Avibactam and ceftazidime do not inhibit the major renal or hepatic transporters in the clinically relevant exposure range, therefore the interaction potential via these mechanisms is considered to be low.
Clinical data have demonstrated that there is no interaction between ceftazidime and avibactam, and between ceftazidime/avibactam and metronidazole.
Other types of interaction
Concurrent treatment with high doses of cephalosporins and nephrotoxic medicinal products such as aminoglycosides or potent diuretics (e.g. furosemide) may adversely affect renal function (see section 4.4).
Chloramphenicol is antagonistic in vitro with ceftazidime and other cephalosporins. The clinical relevance of this finding is unknown, but due to the possibility of antagonism in vivo this drug combination should be avoided.
Pregnancy
Animal studies with ceftazidime do not indicate direct or indirect harmful effects with respect to pregnancy, embryonal/foetal development, parturition or postnatal development. Animal studies with avibactam have shown reproductive toxicity without evidence of teratogenic effects (see section 5.3).
Ceftazidime/avibactam should only be used during pregnancy if the potential benefit outweighs the possible risk.
Breast-feeding
Ceftazidime is excreted in human milk in small quantities. It is unknown whether avibactam is excreted in human milk. A risk to newborns/infants cannot be excluded. A decision must be made whether to discontinue breast feeding or to discontinue/abstain from ceftazidime/avibactam therapy taking into account the benefit of breast feeding for the child and the benefit of therapy for the woman.
Fertility
The effects of ceftazidime/avibactam on fertility in humans have not been studied. No data are available on animal studies with ceftazidime. Animal studies with avibactam do not indicate harmful effects with respect to fertility (see section 5.3).
Undesirable effects may occur (e.g. dizziness), which may influence the ability to drive and use machines following administration of Zavicefta (see section 4.8).
Summary of the safety profile
In seven Phase 2 and Phase 3 clinical trials, 2024 adults were treated with Zavicefta. The most common adverse reactions occurring in ≥5% of patients treated with Zavicefta were Coombs direct test positive, nausea, and diarrhoea. Nausea and diarrhoea were usually mild or moderate in intensity.
Tabulated list of adverse reactions
The following adverse reactions have been reported with ceftazidime alone and/or identified during the Phase 2 and Phase 3 trials with Zavicefta. Adverse reactions are classified according to frequency and System Organ Class. Frequency categories are derived from adverse reactions and/or potentially clinically significant laboratory abnormalities, and are defined according to the following conventions:
Very common (≥1/10)
Common (≥1/100 and <1/10)
Uncommon (≥1/1,000 and <1/100)
Rare (≥1/10,000 and <1/1000)
Very rare (<1/10,000)
Not known (cannot be estimated from the available data)
Table 7: Frequency of adverse reactions by system organ class
System organ class
Very common
Common
Uncommon
Very rare
Not known
Infections and infestations
Candidiasis (including Vulvovaginal candidiasis and Oral candidiasis)
Clostridioides difficile colitis
Pseudomembranous colitis
Blood and lymphatic system disorders
Coombs direct test positive
Eosinophilia
Thrombocytosis
Thrombocytopenia
Neutropenia
Leukopenia
Lymphocytosis
Agranulocytosis
Haemolytic anaemia
Immune system disorders
Anaphylactic reaction
Nervous system disorders
Headache
Dizziness
Paraesthesia
Cardiac disorders
Kounis syndromea,*
Gastrointestinal disorders
Diarrhoea
Abdominal pain
Nausea
Vomiting
Dysgeusia
Hepatobiliary disorders
Alanine aminotransferase increased
Aspartate aminotransferase increased
Blood alkaline phosphatase increased
Gamma-glutamyltransferase increased
Blood lactate dehydrogenase Increased
Jaundice
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
Rash maculo-papular
Urticaria
Pruritus
Toxic epidermal necrolysis
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Erythema multiforme
Angioedema
Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS)
Acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP)*
Renal and urinary disorders
Blood creatinine increased
Blood urea increased
Acute kidney injury
Tubulointerstitial nephritis
General disorders and administration site conditions
Infusion site thrombosis
Infusion site phlebitis
Pyrexia
* ADR identified post-marketing.
a Acute coronary syndrome associated with an allergic reaction.
Paediatric population
From birth to less than 3 months of age
The safety assessment in neonates and infants less than 3 months of age is based on the safety data from one clinical trial in which 46 patients (from birth to less than 3 months of age) received Zavicefta. Overall, the adverse reactions reported in these 46 paediatric patients were consistent with the known safety profile of Zavicefta in older populations (i.e., paediatric patients from 3 months of age and adults).
3 months of age and older
The safety assessment in paediatric patients from 3 months of age and older is based on the safety data from two trials in which 61 patients (aged from 3 years to less than 18 years) with cIAI and 67 patients with cUTI (aged from 3 months to less than 18 years) received Zavicefta. Overall, the safety profile in these 128 paediatric patients was similar to that observed in the adult population with cIAI and cUTI.
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme at: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store.
Overdose with ceftazidime/avibactam can lead to neurological sequelae including encephalopathy, convulsions and coma, due to the ceftazidime component.
Serum levels of ceftazidime can be reduced by haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. During a 4-hour haemodialysis period, 55% of the avibactam dose was removed.
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