4.1. Therapeutic indications

Vemlidy is indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in adults and paediatric patients 6 years of age and older weighing at least 25 kg (see section 5.1).

4.2. Posology and method of administration

Therapy should be initiated by a physician experienced in the management of CHB.

Posology

Adults and paediatric patients at least 6 years of age and older weighing at least 25 kg: one tablet once daily.

Treatment discontinuation

Treatment discontinuation may be considered as follows (see section 4.4):

• In HBeAg‑positive patients without cirrhosis, treatment should be administered for at least 6‑12 months after HBe seroconversion (HBeAg loss and HBV DNA loss with anti‑HBe detection) is confirmed or until HBs seroconversion or until there is loss of efficacy (see section 4.4). Regular reassessment is recommended after treatment discontinuation to detect virological relapse.

• In HBeAg‑negative patients without cirrhosis, treatment should be administered at least until HBs seroconversion or until there is evidence of loss of efficacy. With prolonged treatment for more than 2 years, regular reassessment is recommended to confirm that continuing the selected therapy remains appropriate for the patient.

Missed dose

If a dose is missed and less than 18 hours have passed from the time it is usually taken, the patient should take this medicinal product as soon as possible and then resume their normal dosing schedule. If more than 18 hours have passed from the time it is usually taken, the patient should not take the missed dose and should simply resume the normal dosing schedule.

If the patient vomits within 1 hour of taking the treatment, the patient should take another tablet. If the patient vomits more than 1 hour after taking the treatment, the patient does not need to take another tablet.

Special populations

Elderly

No dose adjustment of this medicinal product is required in patients aged 65 years and older (see section 5.2).

Renal impairment

No dose adjustment of this medicinal product is required in adults or adolescents (aged at least 12 years and of at least 35 kg body weight) with estimated creatinine clearance (CrCl) ≥ 15 mL/min or in patients with CrCl < 15 mL/min who are receiving haemodialysis.

On days of haemodialysis, this medicinal product should be administered after completion of haemodialysis treatment (see section 5.2).

No dosing recommendations can be given for patients with CrCl < 15 mL/min who are not receiving haemodialysis (see section 4.4).

No data are available to make dose recommendations in children aged less than 12 years and of less than 35 kg body weight with renal impairment.

Hepatic impairment

No dose adjustment of this medicinal product is required in patients with hepatic impairment (see sections 4.4 and 5.2).

Paediatric population

The safety and efficacy of Vemlidy in children younger than 6 years of age or weighing < 25 kg have not yet been established. No data are available.

Method of administration

Oral use. Vemlidy film‑coated tablets should be taken with food (see section 5.2).

4.3. Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1.

4.4. Special warnings and precautions for use

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) transmission

Patients must be advised that this medicinal product does not prevent the risk of transmission of HBV to others through sexual contact or contamination with blood. Appropriate precautions must continue to be used.

Patients with decompensated liver disease

There are limited data on the safety and efficacy of tenofovir alafenamide in HBV infected patients with decompensated liver disease and who have a Child Pugh Turcotte (CPT) score > 9 (i.e. class C). These patients may be at higher risk of experiencing serious hepatic or renal adverse reactions. Therefore, hepatobiliary and renal parameters should be closely monitored in this patient population (see section 5.2).

Exacerbation of hepatitis

Flares on treatment

Spontaneous exacerbations in CHB are relatively common and are characterised by transient increases in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT). After initiating antiviral therapy, serum ALT may increase in some patients. In patients with compensated liver disease, these increases in serum ALT are generally not accompanied by an increase in serum bilirubin concentrations or hepatic decompensation. Patients with cirrhosis may be at a higher risk for hepatic decompensation following hepatitis exacerbation, and therefore should be monitored closely during therapy.

Flares after treatment discontinuation

Acute exacerbation of hepatitis has been reported in patients who have discontinued treatment for CHB, usually in association with rising HBV DNA levels in plasma. The majority of cases are self‑limited but severe exacerbations, including fatal outcomes, may occur after discontinuation of treatment for CHB. Hepatic function should be monitored at repeated intervals with both clinical and laboratory follow‑up for at least 6 months after discontinuation of treatment for CHB. If appropriate, resumption of CHB therapy may be warranted.

In patients with advanced liver disease or cirrhosis, treatment discontinuation is not recommended since post‑treatment exacerbation of hepatitis may lead to hepatic decompensation. Liver flares are especially serious, and sometimes fatal in patients with decompensated liver disease.

Renal impairment

Patients with creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min

The use of tenofovir alafenamide once daily in patients with CrCl ≥ 15 mL/min and < 30 mL/min is based on Week 96 data on the efficacy and safety of switching from another antiviral regimen to tenofovir alafenamide in an open‑label clinical study of virologically suppressed HBV-infected patients (see sections 4.8 and 5.1). There are very limited data on the safety and efficacy of tenofovir alafenamide in HBV-infected patients with CrCl < 15 mL/min on chronic haemodialysis (see sections 4.8, 5.1 and 5.2).

The use of this medicinal product is not recommended in patients with CrCl < 15 mL/min who are not receiving haemodialysis (see section 4.2).

Nephrotoxicity

Post-marketing cases of renal impairment, including acute renal failure and proximal renal tubulopathy have been reported with tenofovir alafenamide containing products.

A potential risk of nephrotoxicity resulting from chronic exposure to low levels of tenofovir due to dosing with tenofovir alafenamide cannot be excluded (see section 5.3).

It is recommended that renal function is assessed in all patients prior to, or when initiating, therapy with this treatment and that it is also monitored during therapy in all patients as clinically appropriate. In patients who develop clinically significant decreases in renal function, or evidence of proximal renal tubulopathy, discontinuation of this medicinal product should be considered.

Patients co‑infected with HBV and hepatitis C or D virus

There are no data on the safety and efficacy of tenofovir alafenamide in patients co‑infected with hepatitis C (HCV) or D (HDV) virus. Co‑administration guidance for the treatment of HCV should be followed (see section 4.5).

HBV and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) co-infection

HIV antibody testing should be offered to all HBV infected patients whose HIV‑1 infection status is unknown before initiating therapy with this medicinal product. In patients who are co‑infected with HBV and HIV, Vemlidy should be co‑administered with other antiretroviral medicinal products to ensure that the patient receives an appropriate regimen for treatment of HIV (see section 4.5).

Co‑administration with other medicinal products

This medicinal product should not be co‑administered with medicinal products containing tenofovir alafenamide, tenofovir disoproxil (TDF) or adefovir dipivoxil.

Co‑administration of this treatment with certain anticonvulsants (e.g. carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, phenobarbital and phenytoin), antimycobacterials (e.g. rifampicin, rifabutin and rifapentine) or St. John's wort, all of which are inducers of P‑glycoprotein (P‑gp) and may decrease tenofovir alafenamide plasma concentrations, is not recommended.

Co‑administration of this treatment with strong inhibitors of P‑gp (e.g. itraconazole and ketoconazole) may increase tenofovir alafenamide plasma concentrations. Co‑administration is not recommended.

Paediatric population

Reductions in bone mineral density (BMD ≥ 4%) of the lumbar spine and of whole body have been reported in some paediatric patients 6 years of age and older weighing at least 25 kg who received tenofovir alafenamide for 48 weeks (see sections 4.8 and 5.1). The long-term effects of changes in BMD on the growing bone, including the risk of fracture, are uncertain. A multidisciplinary approach is recommended to decide the appropriate monitoring during treatment.

Excipients with known effect

This medicinal product contains lactose monohydrate. Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, total lactase deficiency or glucose‑galactose malabsorption should not take this medicinal product.

This medicinal product contains less than 1 mmol sodium (23 mg) per tablet, that is to say essentially 'sodium‑free'.

4.5. Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction

Interaction studies have only been performed in adults.

This medicinal product should not be co‑administered with medicinal products containing tenofovir disoproxil, tenofovir alafenamide or adefovir dipivoxil.

Medicinal products that may affect tenofovir alafenamide

Tenofovir alafenamide is transported by P‑gp and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). Medicinal products that are P‑gp inducers (e.g., rifampicin, rifabutin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital or St. John's wort) are expected to decrease plasma concentrations of tenofovir alafenamide, which may lead to loss of therapeutic effect of Vemlidy. Co‑administration of such medicinal products with tenofovir alafenamide is not recommended.

Co‑administration of tenofovir alafenamide with medicinal products that inhibit P‑gp and BCRP may increase plasma concentrations of tenofovir alafenamide. Co‑administration of strong inhibitors of P‑gp with tenofovir alafenamide is not recommended.

Tenofovir alafenamide is a substrate of OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 in vitro. The distribution of tenofovir alafenamide in the body may be affected by the activity of OATP1B1 and/or OATP1B3.

Effect of tenofovir alafenamide on other medicinal products

Tenofovir alafenamide is not an inhibitor of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, or CYP2D6 in vitro. It is not an inhibitor or inducer of CYP3A in vivo.

Tenofovir alafenamide is not an inhibitor of human uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1 in vitro. It is not known whether tenofovir alafenamide is an inhibitor of other UGT enzymes.

Drug interaction information for Vemlidy with potential concomitant medicinal products is summarised in Table 1 below (increase is indicated as “↑”, decrease as “↓”, no change as “↔”; twice daily as “b.i.d.”, single dose as “s.d.”, once daily as “q.d.”). The drug interactions described are based on studies conducted with tenofovir alafenamide, or are potential drug interactions that may occur with Vemlidy.

Table 1: Interactions Between Vemlidy and Other Medicinal Products

Medicinal product by therapeutic areas

Effects on drug levels.a,b

Mean ratio (90% confidence interval) for AUC, Cmax, Cmin

Recommendation concerning co‑administration with Vemlidy

ANTICONVULSANTS

Carbamazepine

(300 mg orally, b.i.d.)

Tenofovir alafenamidec

(25 mg orally, s.d.)

Tenofovir alafenamide

↓ Cmax 0.43 (0.36, 0.51)

↓ AUC 0.45 (0.40, 0.51)

Tenofovir

↓ Cmax 0.70 (0.65, 0.74)

↔ AUC 0.77 (0.74, 0.81)

Co-administration is not recommended.

Oxcarbazepine

Phenobarbital

Interaction not studied.

Expected:

↓ Tenofovir alafenamide

Co-administration is not recommended.

Phenytoin

Interaction not studied.

Expected:

↓ Tenofovir alafenamide

Co-administration is not recommended.

Midazolamd

(2.5 mg orally, s.d.)

Tenofovir alafenamidec

(25 mg orally, q.d.)

Midazolam

↔ Cmax 1.02 (0.92, 1.13)

↔ AUC 1.13 (1.04, 1.23)

No dose adjustment of midazolam (administered orally or intravenously) is required.

Midazolamd

(1 mg intravenously, s.d.)

Tenofovir alafenamidec

(25 mg orally, q.d.)

Midazolam

↔ Cmax 0.99 (0.89, 1.11)

↔ AUC 1.08 (1.04, 1.14)

ANTIDEPRESSANTS

Sertraline

(50 mg orally, s.d.)

Tenofovir alafenamidee

(10 mg orally, q.d.)

Tenofovir alafenamide

↔ Cmax 1.00 (0.86, 1.16)

↔ AUC 0.96 (0.89, 1.03)

Tenofovir

↔ Cmax 1.10 (1.00, 1.21)

↔ AUC 1.02 (1.00, 1.04)

↔ Cmin 1.01 (0.99, 1.03)

No dose adjustment of Vemlidy or sertraline is required.

Sertraline

(50 mg orally, s.d.)

Tenofovir alafenamidee

(10 mg orally, q.d.)

Sertraline

↔ Cmax 1.14 (0.94, 1.38)

↔ AUC 0.93 (0.77, 1.13)

ANTIFUNGALS

Itraconazole

Ketoconazole

Interaction not studied.

Expected:

↑ Tenofovir alafenamide

Co‑administration is not recommended.

ANTIMYCOBACTERIALS

Rifampicin

Rifapentine

Interaction not studied.

Expected:

↓ Tenofovir alafenamide

Co‑administration is not recommended.

Rifabutin

Interaction not studied.

Expected:

↓ Tenofovir alafenamide

Co-administration is not recommended.

HCV ANTIVIRAL AGENTS

Sofosbuvir (400 mg orally, q.d.)

Interaction not studied.

Expected:

↔ Sofosbuvir

↔ GS‑331007

No dose adjustment of Vemlidy or sofosbuvir is required.

Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir

(90 mg/400 mg orally, q.d.)

Tenofovir alafenamidef

(25 mg orally, q.d.)

Ledipasvir

↔ Cmax 1.01 (0.97, 1.05)

↔ AUC 1.02 (0.97, 1.06)

↔ Cmin 1.02 (0.98, 1.07)

Sofosbuvir

↔ Cmax 0.96 (0.89, 1.04)

↔ AUC 1.05 (1.01, 1.09)

GS‑331007g

↔ Cmax 1.08 (1.05, 1.11)

↔ AUC 1.08 (1.06, 1.10)

↔ Cmin 1.10 (1.07, 1.12)

Tenofovir alafenamide

↔ Cmax 1.03 (0.94, 1.14)

↔ AUC 1.32 (1.25, 1.40)

Tenofovir

↑ Cmax 1.62 (1.56, 1.68)

↑ AUC 1.75 (1.69, 1.81)

↑ Cmin 1.85 (1.78, 1.92)

No dose adjustment of Vemlidy or ledipasvir/sofosbuvir is required.

Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir

(400 mg/100 mg orally, q.d.)

Interaction not studied.

Expected:

↔ Sofosbuvir

↔ GS‑331007

↔ Velpatasvir

↑ Tenofovir alafenamide

No dose adjustment of Vemlidy or sofosbuvir/velpatasvir is required.

Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/ voxilaprevir

(400 mg/100 mg/ 100 mg + 100 mgi orally, q.d.)

Tenofovir alafenamidef

(25 mg orally, q.d.)

Sofosbuvir

↔ Cmax 0.95 (0.86, 1.05)

↔ AUC 1.01 (0.97, 1.06)

GS‑331007g

↔ Cmax 1.02 (0.98, 1.06)

↔ AUC 1.04 (1.01, 1.06)

Velpatasvir

↔ Cmax 1.05 (0.96, 1.16)

↔ AUC 1.01 (0.94, 1.07)

↔ Cmin 1.01 (0.95, 1.09)

Voxilaprevir

↔ Cmax 0.96 (0.84, 1.11)

↔ AUC 0.94 (0.84, 1.05)

↔ Cmin 1.02 (0.92, 1.12)

Tenofovir alafenamide

↑ Cmax 1.32 (1.17, 1.48)

↑ AUC 1.52 (1.43, 1.61)

No dose adjustment of Vemlidy or sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir is required.

HIV ANTIRETROVIRAL AGENTS – PROTEASE INHIBITORS

Atazanavir/cobicistat

(300 mg/150 mg orally, q.d.)

Tenofovir alafenamidec

(10 mg orally, q.d.)

Tenofovir alafenamide

↑ Cmax 1.80 (1.48, 2.18)

↑ AUC 1.75 (1.55, 1.98)

Tenofovir

↑ Cmax 3.16 (3.00, 3.33)

↑ AUC 3.47 (3.29, 3.67)

↑ Cmin 3.73 (3.54, 3.93)

Atazanavir

↔ Cmax 0.98 (0.94, 1.02)

↔ AUC 1.06 (1.01, 1.11)

↔ Cmin 1.18 (1.06, 1.31)

Cobicistat

↔ Cmax 0.96 (0.92, 1.00)

↔ AUC 1.05 (1.00, 1.09)

↑ Cmin 1.35 (1.21, 1.51)

Co‑administration is not recommended.

Atazanavir/ritonavir

(300 mg/100 mg orally, q.d.)

Tenofovir alafenamidec

(10 mg orally, s.d.)

Tenofovir alafenamide

↑ Cmax 1.77 (1.28, 2.44)

↑ AUC 1.91 (1.55, 2.35)

Tenofovir

↑ Cmax 2.12 (1.86, 2.43)

↑ AUC 2.62 (2.14, 3.20)

Atazanavir

↔ Cmax 0.98 (0.89, 1.07)

↔ AUC 0.99 (0.96, 1.01)

↔ Cmin 1.00 (0.96, 1.04)

Co‑administration is not recommended.

Darunavir/cobicistat

(800 mg/150 mg orally, q.d.)

Tenofovir alafenamidec

(25 mg orally, q.d.)

Tenofovir alafenamide

↔ Cmax 0.93 (0.72, 1.21)

↔ AUC 0.98 (0.80, 1.19)

Tenofovir

↑ Cmax 3.16 (3.00, 3.33)

↑ AUC 3.24 (3.02, 3.47)

↑ Cmin 3.21 (2.90, 3.54)

Darunavir

↔ Cmax 1.02 (0.96, 1.09)

↔ AUC 0.99 (0.92, 1.07)

↔ Cmin 0.97 (0.82, 1.15)

Cobicistat

↔ Cmax 1.06 (1.00, 1.12)

↔ AUC 1.09 (1.03, 1.15)

↔ Cmin 1.11 (0.98, 1.25)

Co‑administration is not recommended.

Darunavir/ritonavir

(800 mg/100 mg orally, q.d.)

Tenofovir alafenamidec

(10 mg orally, s.d.)

Tenofovir alafenamide

↑ Cmax 1.42 (0.96, 2.09)

↔ AUC 1.06 (0.84, 1.35)

Tenofovir

↑ Cmax 2.42 (1.98, 2.95)

↑ AUC 2.05 (1.54, 2.72)

Darunavir

↔ Cmax 0.99 (0.91, 1.08)

↔ AUC 1.01 (0.96, 1.06)

↔ Cmin 1.13 (0.95, 1.34)

Co‑administration is not recommended.

Lopinavir/ritonavir

(800 mg/200 mg orally, q.d.)

Tenofovir alafenamidec

(10 mg orally, s.d.)

Tenofovir alafenamide

↑ Cmax 2.19 (1.72, 2.79)

↑ AUC 1.47 (1.17, 1.85)

Tenofovir

↑ Cmax 3.75 (3.19, 4.39)

↑ AUC 4.16 (3.50, 4.96)

Lopinavir

↔ Cmax 1.00 (0.95, 1.06)

↔ AUC 1.00 (0.92, 1.09)

↔ Cmin 0.98 (0.85, 1.12)

Co‑administration is not recommended.

Tipranavir/ritonavir

Interaction not studied.

Expected:

↓ Tenofovir alafenamide

Co‑administration is not recommended.

HIV ANTIRETROVIRAL AGENTS – INTEGRASE INHIBITORS

Dolutegravir

(50 mg orally, q.d.)

Tenofovir alafenamidec

(10 mg orally, s.d.)

Tenofovir alafenamide

↑ Cmax 1.24 (0.88, 1.74)

↑ AUC 1.19 (0.96, 1.48)

Tenofovir

↔ Cmax 1.10 (0.96, 1.25)

↑ AUC 1.25 (1.06, 1.47)

Dolutegravir

↔ Cmax 1.15 (1.04, 1.27)

↔ AUC 1.02 (0.97, 1.08)

↔ Cmin 1.05 (0.97, 1.13)

No dose adjustment of Vemlidy or dolutegravir is required.

Raltegravir

Interaction not studied.

Expected:

↔ Tenofovir alafenamide

↔ Raltegravir

No dose adjustment of Vemlidy or raltegravir is required.

HIV ANTIRETROVIRAL AGENTS – NON-NUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS

Efavirenz

(600 mg orally, q.d.)

Tenofovir alafenamideh

(40 mg orally, q.d.)

Tenofovir alafenamide

↓ Cmax 0.78 (0.58, 1.05)

↔ AUC 0.86 (0.72, 1.02)

Tenofovir

↓ Cmax 0.75 (0.67, 0.86)

↔ AUC 0.80 (0.73, 0.87)

↔ Cmin 0.82 (0.75, 0.89)

Expected:

↔ Efavirenz

No dose adjustment of Vemlidy or efavirenz is required.

Nevirapine

Interaction not studied.

Expected:

↔ Tenofovir alafenamide

↔ Nevirapine

No dose adjustment of Vemlidy or nevirapine is required.

Rilpivirine

(25 mg orally, q.d.)

Tenofovir alafenamide

(25 mg orally, q.d.)

Tenofovir alafenamide

↔ Cmax 1.01 (0.84, 1.22)

↔ AUC 1.01 (0.94, 1.09)

Tenofovir

↔ Cmax 1.13 (1.02, 1.23)

↔ AUC 1.11 (1.07, 1.14)

↔ Cmin 1.18 (1.13, 1.23)

Rilpivirine

↔ Cmax 0.93 (0.87, 0.99)

↔ AUC 1.01 (0.96, 1.06)

↔ Cmin 1.13 (1.04, 1.23)

No dose adjustment of Vemlidy or rilpivirine is required.

HIV ANTIRETROVIRAL AGENTS – CCR5 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST

Maraviroc

Interaction not studied.

Expected:

↔ Tenofovir alafenamide

↔ Maraviroc

No dose adjustment of Vemlidy or maraviroc is required.

HERBAL SUPPLEMENTS

St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum)

Interaction not studied.

Expected:

↓ Tenofovir alafenamide

Co‑administration is not recommended.

ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES

Norgestimate

(0.180 mg/0.215 mg/ 0.250 mg orally, q.d.)

Ethinylestradiol

(0.025 mg orally, q.d.)

Tenofovir alafenamidec

(25 mg orally, q.d.)

Norelgestromin

↔ Cmax 1.17 (1.07, 1.26)

↔ AUC 1.12 (1.07, 1.17)

↔ Cmin 1.16 (1.08, 1.24)

Norgestrel

↔ Cmax 1.10 (1.02, 1.18)

↔ AUC 1.09 (1.01, 1.18)

↔ Cmin 1.11 (1.03, 1.20)

Ethinylestradiol

↔ Cmax 1.22 (1.15, 1.29)

↔ AUC 1.11 (1.07, 1.16)

↔ Cmin 1.02 (0.93, 1.12)

No dose adjustment of Vemlidy or norgestimate/ethinyl estradiol is required.

a All interaction studies are conducted in healthy volunteers.

b All No Effect Boundaries are 70%‑143%.

c Study conducted with emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide fixed‑dose combination tablet.

d A sensitive CYP3A4 substrate.

e Study conducted with elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide fixed‑dose combination tablet.

f Study conducted with emtricitabine/rilpivirine/tenofovir alafenamide fixed‑dose combination tablet.

g The predominant circulating nucleoside metabolite of sofosbuvir.

h Study conducted with tenofovir alafenamide 40 mg and emtricitabine 200 mg.

i Study conducted with additional voxilaprevir 100 mg to achieve voxilaprevir exposures expected in HCV infected patients.

4.6. Fertility, pregnancy and lactation

Pregnancy

A moderate amount of data on pregnant women exposed to tenofovir alafenamide (between 300-1000 pregnancy outcomes) indicate no malformative or feto/neonatal toxicity.

Animal studies do not indicate direct or indirect harmful effects with respect to reproductive toxicity (see section 5.3).

The use of tenofovir alafenamide may be considered during pregnancy, if necessary.

Breast‑feeding

Based on published data, tenofovir alafenamide and tenofovir are excreted in human milk at low levels in women administered with tenofovir alafenamide. There is insufficient information on the effects of tenofovir in newborns/infants.

A risk to the breast‑fed newborns/infants cannot be excluded; therefore, tenofovir alafenamide should not be used during breast‑feeding.

Fertility

No human data on the effect of tenofovir alafenamide on fertility are available. Animal studies do not indicate harmful effects of tenofovir alafenamide on fertility.

4.7. Effects on ability to drive and use machines

Vemlidy may have minor influence on the ability to drive and use machines. Patients should be informed that dizziness has been reported during treatment with tenofovir alafenamide.

4.8. Undesirable effects

Summary of the safety profile

Assessment of adverse reactions is based on clinical study data and postmarketing data. In pooled safety data from 2 controlled Phase 3 studies (GS‑US-320-0108 and GS-US-320-0110; “Study 108” and “Study 110”, respectively), the most frequently reported adverse reactions at Week 96 analysis were headache (12%), nausea (6%), and fatigue (6%). After Week 96, patients either remained on their original blinded treatment up to Week 144 or received open-label tenofovir alafenamide.

The safety profile of tenofovir alafenamide was similar in virologically suppressed patients switching from tenofovir disoproxil to tenofovir alafenamide in Study 108, Study 110 and a controlled Phase 3 study GS-US-320-4018 (Study 4018). Changes in lipid laboratory tests were observed in these studies following a switch from tenofovir disoproxil (see section 5.1).

Tabulated summary of adverse reactions

The following adverse reactions have been identified with tenofovir alafenamide in patients with CHB (Table 2). The adverse reactions are listed below by body system organ class and frequency based on the Week 96 analysis. Frequencies are defined as follows: very common (≥ 1/10), common (≥ 1/100 to < 1/10) or uncommon (≥ 1/1,000 to < 1/100).

Table 2: Adverse Reactions Identified with Tenofovir Alafenamide

System organ class

Frequency

Adverse reaction

Nervous system disorders

Very common

Headache

Common

Dizziness

Gastrointestinal disorders

Common

Diarrhoea, vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain, abdominal distension, flatulence

Hepatobiliary disorders

Common

Increased ALT

Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders

Common

Rash, pruritus

Uncommon

Angioedema1, urticaria1

Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders

Common

Arthralgia

General disorders and administration site conditions

Common

Fatigue

1 Adverse reaction identified through post-marketing surveillance for tenofovir alafenamide-containing products.

In the open-label Phase 2 study (GS-US-320-4035; “Study 4035”) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of switching from another antiviral regimen to tenofovir alafenamide in virologically suppressed HBV infected patients, small median increases in fasting total cholesterol, direct low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides from baseline to Week 96 were observed in patients with moderate or severe renal impairment (Part A Cohort 1) and patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairment (Part B), consistent with changes observed in Studies 108 and 110. Small median decreases in total cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides were observed in patients with ESRD on hemodialysis in Part A Cohort 2, while small median increases were observed in HDL from baseline to Week 96. Median (Q1, Q3) change from baseline at Week 96 in total cholesterol to HDL ratio was 0.1 (-0.4, 0.4) in the moderate or severe renal impairment group, and -0.4 (-0.8,-0.1) in patients with ESRD on hemodialysis and 0.1 (-0.2, 0.4) in patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairment.

Metabolic parameters

Body weight and levels of blood lipids and glucose may increase during therapy.

Special populations

In Study 4035, in virologically suppressed patients with moderate to severe renal impairment (eGFR by Cockcroft-Gault method 15 to 59 mL/min; Part A, Cohort 1, N = 78), end stage renal disease (ESRD) (eGFR < 15 mL/min) on haemodialysis (Part A, Cohort 2, N = 15), and/or moderate to severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class B or C at screening or by history; Part B, N = 31) who switched from another antiviral regimen to tenofovir alafenamide, no additional adverse reactions to tenofovir alafenamide were identified through Week 96.

Paediatric population

The safety of tenofovir alafenamide was evaluated in 88 HBV‑infected treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced paediatric patients between the ages of 12 to < 18 years weighing ≥ 35 kg (TAF group N=47, placebo group N=23) and 6 to < 12 years weighing ≥ 25 kg (TAF group N=12, placebo group N=6) through Week 24 in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study GS‑US‑320‑1092 (“Study 1092”). After the double-blind phase, patients were switched to open-label TAF at Week 24. The safety profile of tenofovir alafenamide in paediatric patients was comparable to that in adults. Reductions in bone mineral density (BMD ≥ 4%) of the lumbar spine and of whole body have been reported in some paediatric patients 6 years of age and older weighing at least 25 kg who received tenofovir alafenamide for up to 48 weeks (see sections 4.4 and 5.1).

Reporting of suspected adverse reactions

Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme, Website: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store.

4.9. Overdose

If overdose occurs the patient must be monitored for evidence of toxicity (see section 4.8).

Treatment of overdose with tenofovir alafenamide consists of general supportive measures including monitoring of vital signs as well as observation of the clinical status of the patient.

Tenofovir is efficiently removed by haemodialysis with an extraction coefficient of approximately 54%. It is not known whether tenofovir can be removed by peritoneal dialysis.