4.1. Therapeutic indications

Treclin is indicated for the topical treatment of acne vulgaris when comedones, papules and pustules are present in patients 12 years or older (see section 4.4 and 5.1)

Consideration should be given to official guidance on the appropriate use of antibacterial agents and acne treatment.

4.2. Posology and method of administration

Posology

Adults and adolescents (≥ 12 years)

Once daily at bedtime the entire face should be washed with mild soap and dried. A pea-sized amount of medication should be squeezed onto one fingertip, dot onto the chin, cheeks, nose, and forehead; then gently rub over the entire face.

Treatment with Treclin should not exceed 12 weeks of continuous use without careful evaluation. It should be noted that therapeutic improvement may not be observed for several weeks after starting treatment.

In case of a missed dose of Treclin, the patient should wait for the next dose at the usual time. Patients should not double the dose to make up for the forgotten dose.

Use in Children below 12 years of age

Treclin is not recommended for use in children below 12 years of age, since safety and efficacy of Treclin in children have not been established.

Use in the Elderly (>65 years of age)

Safety and efficacy of Treclin in patients above the age of 65 years have not been established.

Renal and hepatic impairment

In view of the low systemic exposure to clindamycin and tretinoin following topical administration of Treclin, moderate renal or hepatic impairment is not expected to result in systemic exposure of clinical concern. However, clindamycin and tretinoin serum concentrations have not been studied in patients with renal or hepatic disease following topical administration. Individual decisions are advisable in severe cases.

Method of administration

Treclin is indicated for external (dermatological) use only. The application of Treclin should avoid eyes, eyelids, lips and nostrils. After the application the patient should wash hands.

4.3. Contraindications

- Pregnancy (see section 4.6)

- Women planning a pregnancy

Treclin is also contraindicated:

▪ In patients who have a history of hypersensitivity to the active substances clindamycin and/or tretinoin or to any of the excipients or lincomycin (see also Section 6.1)

▪ In patients with regional enteritis, ulcerative colitis, or history of antibiotic-associated colitis

▪ In patients who have a personal or familial history of skin cancer

▪ In patients who have a history of acute eczemas, rosacea and perioral dermatitis

▪ In patients with pustular and deep cystic nodular acne varieties (acne conglobate and acne fulminans).

4.4. Special warnings and precautions for use

Treclin is not for oral, ophthalmic, intranasal or intravaginal use.

Treclin is not recommended in treatment of mild acne vulgaris.

Contact with the mouth, eyes and mucous membranes and with abraded or eczematous skin should be avoided. Application to sensitive areas of skin should be made with caution. In the event of accidental contact with the eyes, bathe with large amounts of water.

Antibiotic-associated colitis (also known as Clostridium difficile-associated colitis or CDAD) has been reported with the use of some other topical clindamycin products. This is unlikely to occur with Treclin, as plasma levels have been determined and the percutaneous absorption of clindamycin is clinically negligible.

If prolonged or significant diarrhoea occurs or the patient suffers from abdominal cramps, treatment with Treclin should be discontinued immediately, as the symptoms may indicate antibiotic-associated colitis. Suitable diagnostic methods, such as the determination of Clostridium difficile and toxin and, if necessary, colonoscopy should be employed and treatment options for colitis considered.

Use of more than the recommended amount or too frequent application may cause redness, stinging and discomfort. If severe irritation occurs, especially in the early stage of therapy, patient should be advised to discontinue temporarily or reduce the frequency of application.

Treclin should be prescribed with caution in atopic subjects.

Treclin should not be applied at the same time as other topical preparations (including cosmetics) because of possible incompatibility and interaction with tretinoin. Particular caution should be exercised in the use of keratolytic agents such as sulphur, salicylic acid, benzoyl peroxide or resorcinol and chemical abrasives. If the patient has been treated with such preparations, the effect of the peeling agents must subside before any commencement of Treclin therapy.

Some medicated cleansers and scrubbing solutions have a strong drying effect. They should not be used in patients receiving tretinoin topical therapy. Abrasive soaps, soaps and cosmetics as well as spices or lime should be used with caution.

Because of increased susceptibility to UV radiation, photosensitivity may occur during treatment with Treclin Gel. Exposure to sunlight should therefore be minimised and appropriate sunscreen products with a SPF (Sun Protection Factor) of at least 30, together with suitable protective apparel (e.g. a hat), should be used. Use of sun lamps or sun beds should be avoided during treatment and patients with sunburn should not use this product until recovered

Patients who may be required to have considerable sun exposure due to occupation and those with inherent sensitivity to the sun should exercise particular caution. If sunburn occurs, discontinue therapy with Treclin until the severe erythema and peeling subside.

Occasional gram-negative folliculitis has been reported during treatment with clindamycin 1% topical products. If this should occur, therapy with Treclin should be discontinued and alternative therapy should be initiated.

Long-term use of clindamycin may cause resistance and/or overgrowth of non- susceptible dermal bacteria or fungi although this is a rare occurrence.

Cross resistance may occur with other antibiotics such as lincomycin or erythromycin (see section 4.5)

Simultaneous use of oral and topical antibiotics should be avoided, particularly if chemically different.

The excipients methyl parahydroxybenzoate (E218) and propyl parahydroxybenzoate (E216) may cause allergic reactions (possibly delayed). The excipient butylhydroxytoluene (E321) may cause local skin reactions (e.g. contact dermatitis), or irritation to the eyes and mucous membranes. The excipient polysorbate 80 (E433) can cause allergic reactions.

4.5. Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction

Concomitant topical medication as well as medicated soaps and cleansers that have a strong drying effect and products with high concentrations of alcohol as well as astringents should be used with caution. The concomitant treatment with corticosteroids should be avoided.

In vitro, antagonism has been demonstrated between erythromycin and clindamycin, synergy has been shown with metronidazole, both antagonistic and synergistic effects have been observed with aminoglycosides and agonistic action has been described with neuromuscular blocking agents.

Vitamin K antagonists

Increased coagulation tests (PT/INR) and/or bleeding, have been reported in patients treated with clindamycin in combination with a vitamin K antagonist (e.g. warfarin, acenocoumarol and fluindione). Coagulation tests, therefore, should be frequently monitored in patients treated with vitamin K antagonists.

Tretinoin causes enhanced permeability for other topically applied medicinal agents.

4.6. Fertility, pregnancy and lactation

Women of childbearing potential

Treclin should be given to women of childbearing potential only if effective contraception is used during treatment and for 1 month after discontinuation of treatment.

Pregnancy

Treclin is contraindicated (see section 4.3) in pregnancy, or in women planning a pregnancy.

If the product is used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, treatment should be discontinued.

Clindamycin

A limited number of pregnancies exposed in the first trimester to clindamycin indicate no adverse effects of clindamycin on pregnancy or on the health of the foetus/new-born child. Clindamycin was not teratogenic in reproduction studies in rats and mice, using subcutaneous and oral doses of clindamycin (see section 5.3)

Tretinoin

Orally administered retinoids have been associated with congenital abnormalities. When used in accordance with the prescribing information, topically administered retinoids are generally assumed to result into low systemic exposure due to minimal dermal absorption. However, there could be individual factors (e.g. damaged skin barrier, excessive use) that contribute to an increased systemic exposure.

Breast-feeding

It is not known whether tretinoin and clindamycin are secreted in breast milk following the use of Treclin. Oral and parenteral administration of clindamycin has been reported to result in the appearance of clindamycin in breast milk. It is known that orally administered retinoids and their metabolites are secreted in breast milk. Therefore, Treclin should not be used in women who are breast feeding.

Fertility

There are no available data on fertility on Treclin.

Clindamycin

Reproduction studies in rats and mice, using subcutaneous and oral doses of clindamycin, revealed no evidence of impaired fertility.

Tretinoin

Systemically administered tretinoin severely affects fertility. Available data regarding fertility after topical administration in humans are limited.

4.7. Effects on ability to drive and use machines

No studies on the effects on the ability to drive and use machines have been performed. It is unlikely that treatment with Treclin will have any effect on the ability to drive and use machines.

4.8. Undesirable effects

Within the system organ classes, adverse reactions are listed under headings of frequency (number of patients expected to experience the reaction), using the following categories:

Very common (≥1/10)

Common (≥1/100 to <1/10)

Uncommon (≥1/1,000 to <1/100)

Rare (≥1/10,000 to <1/1,000)

Very rare (<1/10,000)

Not known (cannot be estimated from the available data)

Reported frequencies in clinical trials are as following:

Immune system disorders:

Rare: Hypersensitivity

Endocrine disorders:

Rare: Hypothyroidism

Nervous system disorders:

Rare: Headache

Eye disorders:

Rare: Eye irritation

Gastrointestinal disorders:

Rare: Gastroenteritis, nausea

Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders:

Uncommon: Acne, dry skin, erythema, seborrhoea, photosensitivity reaction, pruritus, rash, exfoliative rash, skin exfoliation, sunburn

Rare: Dermatitis, herpes simplex, macular rash, skin bleeding, skin burning sensation, skin depigmentation, skin irritation.

General disorders and administration site conditions:

Uncommon: Application site reaction, application site burning, application site dermatitis, application site dryness, application site erythema,

Rare: Application site irritation, application site swelling, application site erosion, application site discolouration, application site pruritus, application site desquamation, feeling hot, pain

Paediatric population

The proportion of paediatric patients (12-17 years) reporting a specific drug-related adverse reaction was consistent with that which was reported in the overall population. The incidence of dry skin in adolescent population (12-17 years) was slightly higher in clinical trials than in the overall population.

Reporting of suspected adverse reactions

Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme at: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store

4.9. Overdose

Treclin Gel is for topical use only. If Treclin Gel is applied excessively, marked redness, peeling or discomfort can occur. If excess application occurs accidentally or through over-enthusiastic use, the face should be gently washed with a mild soap and lukewarm water. Treclin should be discontinued for several days before resuming therapy.

In the case of overdosage, topically applied clindamycin phosphate from Treclin can be absorbed in sufficient amounts to cause systemic effects. Gastrointestinal side effects including abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea may occur (see section 4.4)

In the event of accidental ingestion, treatment should be symptomatic. The same adverse reactions effects as those expected with clindamycin (i.e. abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea) and tretinoin (including teratogenesis in women of childbearing years) are expected. In such cases, Treclin Gel should be discontinued and pregnancy testing should be carried out in women of childbearing potential.