Pharmacy Guide

Patient leaflets and SmPCs, drug interaction checker, official dosages and NHS pharmacy opening hours — all in one place.

Pharmacy Guide

Patient leaflets and SmPCs, drug interaction checker, official dosages and NHS pharmacy opening hours — all in one place.

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Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride 20 mg/10 mg prolonged-release tablets

⚠ This medicine appears to have been discontinued

The electronic medicines compendium (emc) no longer publishes a Summary of Product Characteristics for this product, which usually means it is no longer marketed in the UK. The patient leaflet below is kept for reference, but the product may not be available.

If you were prescribed this medicine, other products containing Naloxone hydrochloride, Oxycodone hydrochloride may still be available. Do not stop your treatment — ask your pharmacist or GP what to use instead.

Active substance: Naloxone hydrochloride, Oxycodone hydrochloride

Equivalent medicines (same active substance, strength and form)

Source: electronic medicines compendium (emc)
Official leaflet: Read the PIL on emc

What it is and what it is used for

for 2. What you need to know before you take Oxycodone hydrochloride/ Naloxone hydrochloride 3. How to take Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride 4. Possible side effects 5. How to store Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride 6. Contents of the pack and other information

1. What Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride is and what it is used for Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride is a prolonged-release tablet, which means that its active substances are released over an extended period. Their action lasts for 12 hours. These tablets are only for use in adults.

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II

Pain relief You have been prescribed Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride for the treatment of severe pain, which can be adequately managed only with opioid analgesics. Naloxone hydrochloride is added to counteract constipation. How these tablets work in pain relief These tablets contain oxycodone hydrochloride and naloxone hydrochloride as active substances. Oxycodone hydrochloride is responsible for the painkilling effect of Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride, and is a potent analgesic ("painkiller") of the opioid group. The second active substance of Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride, naloxone hydrochloride, is intended to counteract constipation. Bowel dysfunction (e.g. constipation) is a typical side effect of treatment with opioid painkillers.

What you need to know before you take it

e Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride Do not take Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride

  • if you are allergic to oxycodone hydrochloride, naloxone hydrochloride, or any of the other ingredients of this medicine (listed in section 6);
  • if your breathing is not able to supply enough oxygen to the blood, and get rid of carbon dioxide produced in the body (respiratory depression);
  • if you suffer from a severe lung disease associated with narrowing of the airways (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD);
  • if you suffer from a condition known as cor pulmonale. In this condition, the right side of the heart becomes enlarged, due to increased pressure inside blood vessels in the lung etc. (e.g. as a result of COPD – see above);
  • if you suffer from severe bronchial asthma;
  • if you have paralytic ileus (a type of bowel obstruction) not caused by opioids;
  • if you have moderate to severe liver dysfunction. Additionally for restless legs syndrome
  • if you have a history of opioid abuse Warnings and precautions Talk to your doctor or pharmacist before taking Oxycodone hydrochloride/ Naloxone hydrochloride
  • in the case of elderly patients or debilitated (weak) patients;
  • if you have paralytic ileus (a type of bowel obstruction) caused by opioids;
  • if you have kidney impairment;
  • if you have mild liver impairment;
  • if you have severe lung impairment(i.e. reduced breathing capacity);
  • if you suffer with a condition characterised by frequent breathing stops during the night which may make you feel very sleepy during the daytime (sleep apnoea);
  • if you have myxoedema (a thyroid disorder, with dryness, coldness and swelling ['puffiness'] of the skin, affecting the face and limbs);
  • if your thyroid gland is not producing enough hormones (underactive thyroid or hypothyroidism);
  • if your adrenal glands are not producing enough hormones (adrenal insufficiency or Addison's disease);
  • if you have a mental illness accompanied by a (partial) loss of reality (psychosis), due to alcohol or intoxication with other substances (substance-induced psychosis);
  • if you suffer from gallstone problems, or if you have any other biliary tract disorder (disease affecting the bile ducts, gallbladder etc.);
  • if your prostate gland is abnormally enlarged (prostate hypertrophy);
  • if you suffer from alcoholism or delirium tremens;
  • if your pancreas is inflamed (pancreatitis);
  • if you have low blood pressure (hypotension);
  • if you have high blood pressure (hypertension);
  • if you have pre-existing cardiovascular disease;
  • if you have a head injury (due to the risk of increased brain pressure);
  • if you suffer from epilepsy or are prone to seizures;
  • if you are also taking MAO inhibitors (used to treat depression or Parkinson's disease), or you have taken this type of medicine in the last two weeks, e.g. medicines containing tranylcypromine, phenelzine, isocarboxazid, moclobemide and linezolid;
  • if sleepiness or episodes of suddenly falling asleep occur. Sleep-related breathing disorders Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride can cause sleep-related breathing disorders such as sleep apnoea (breathing pauses during sleep) and sleep related hypoxemia (low oxygen level in the blood). The symptoms can include breathing pauses during sleep, night awakening due to shortness of breath, difficulties to maintain sleep or excessive drowsiness during the day. If you or another person observe these symptoms, contact your doctor. A dose reduction may be considered by your doctor. Tell your doctor if any of the above has ever applied to you in the past. Also, please tell your doctor if you develop any of the above disorders while you are taking these tablets. The most serious result of opioid overdose is respiratory depression (slow and shallow breathing). This may also cause blood oxygen levels to fall, resulting in possible fainting, etc. Opioid-induced ventilatory impairment and persistent post-operative opioid use Do not use for acute post-operative pain owing to the increased risk of persistent post-operative opioid use (PPOU) and opioid-induced ventilatory impairment (OIVI). You must swallow the prolonged-release tablet whole, so as not to affect the slow release of oxycodone hydrochloride from the prolonged-release tablet. Do not break, chew or crush the tablets. Taking broken, chewed or crushed tablets may lead to the absorption of a potentially lethal dose of oxycodone hydrochloride (see section 3: "If you take more Oxycodone hydrochloride/ Naloxone hydrochloride than you should").

IIIMI

If you experience severe diarrhoea at the start of treatment this may be due to the effect of naloxone. It may be a sign that bowel function is returning to normal. Such diarrhoea can occur within the first 3-5 days of treatment. If diarrhoea should persist after 3-5 days, or give you cause for concern, please contact your doctor. If you have been using another opioid, withdrawal symptoms may occur when you initially switch to Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride treatment, e.g. restlessness, bouts of sweating and muscle pain. If you experience such symptoms, you may need to be specially monitored by your doctor. Tolerance, dependence and addiction This medicine contains oxycodone which is an opioid medicine. Repeated use of opioid painkillers can result in the drug being less effective (you become accustomed to it, known as tolerance). Repeated use of Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride can also lead to dependence, abuse, and addiction, which may result in life-threatening overdose. The risk of these side effects can increase with a higher dose and longer duration of use. Dependence or addiction can make you feel that you are no longer in control of how much medicine you need to take or how often you need to take it. You might feel that you need to carry on taking your medicine, even when it doesn't help to relieve your pain. The risk of becoming dependent or addicted varies from person to person. You may have a greater risk of becoming dependent or addicted on Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride if:

  • You or anyone in your family have ever abused or been dependent on alcohol, prescription medicines or illegal drugs ("addiction").
  • You are a smoker.
  • You have ever had problems with your mood (depression, anxiety or a personality disorder) or have been treated by a psychiatrist for other mental illnesses. If you notice any of the following signs whilst taking Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride, it could be a sign that you have become dependent or addicted.
  • You need to take the medicine for longer than advised by your doctor
  • You need to take more than the recommended dose
  • You are using the medicine for reasons other than prescribed, for instance, 'to stay calm' of 'help you sleep'
  • You have made repeated, unsuccessful attempts to quit or control the use of the medicine
  • When you stop taking the medicine you feel unwell, and you feel better once taking the medicine again ('withdrawal effects'). If you notice any of these signs, speak to your doctor to discuss the best treatment pathway for you, including when it is appropriate to stop and how to stop safely (See section 3, If you stop taking Oxycodone hydrochloride/ Naloxone hydrochloride). Contact your doctor if you experience severe upper abdominal pain possibly radiating to the back, nausea, vomiting or fever as this could be symptoms associated with inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis) or the biliary tract system. Tell your doctor in case you have cancer associated to peritoneal metastases or beginning bowel obstruction in advanced stages of digestive and pelvic cancers. If you need to undergo surgery, please tell your doctors that you are taking Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride. Similar to other opioids, oxycodone may affect the normal production of hormones in the body such as cortisol or sex hormones, particularly if you have taken high doses for long periods of time. If you experience symptoms which persist, such as feeling or being sick (including vomiting), loss of appetite, tiredness, weakness, dizziness, changes in menstrual cycle, impotence, infertility or decreased sex drive, talk to your doctor as he/she may want to monitor your hormone levels. This medicine may increase your sensitivity to pain particularly at high doses. Tell your doctor if this happens. A reduction in your dose or a change in your medicine may be necessary. You may notice remnants of the prolonged-release tablet in your stools. Do not be alarmed, as the active substances (oxycodone hydrochloride and

naloxone hydrochloride) have already been released in the stomach and gut, and absorbed into your body. Incorrect use of Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride tablets These tablets are not suitable for withdrawal treatment. Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride should never be abused, particularly if you have a drug addiction. If you are addicted to substances such as heroin, morphine or methadone, severe withdrawal symptoms are likely if you abuse these tablets because they contain the ingredient naloxone. Pre-existing withdrawal symptoms may be made worse. You should never misuse these tablets by dissolving and injecting them (e.g. into a blood vessel). In particular, they contain talc, which can cause destruction of local tissue (necrosis) and changes in lung tissue (lung granuloma). Such abuse can also have other serious consequences and may even be fatal. The use of Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride may produce positive results in doping controls. The use of Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride as a doping agent may become a health hazard. Other medicines and Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking, have recently taken or might take any other medicines. The risk of side effects increases, if you use antidepressants (such as citalopram, duloxetine, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, sertraline, venlafaxine). These medicines may interact with oxycodone and you may experience symptoms such as involuntary, rhythmic contractions of muscles, including the muscles that control movement of the eye, agitation, excessive sweating, tremor, exaggeration of reflexes, increased muscle tension, body temperature above 38°C. Contact your doctor when experiencing such symptoms. Concomitant use of opioids, including oxycodone hydrochloride and sedative medicines such as benzodiazepines or related drugs increases the risk of drowsiness, difficulties in breathing (respiratory depression), coma and may be life-threatening. Because of this, concomitant use should only be considered when other treatment options are not possible. However if your doctor does prescribe Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride together with sedative medicines the dose and duration of concomitant treatment should be limited by your doctor. Please tell your doctor about all sedative medicines you are taking, and follow your doctor's dose recommendation closely. It could be helpful to inform friends or relatives to be aware of the signs and symptoms stated above. Contact your doctor when experiencing such symptoms. Examples of these sedatives or related medicines include:

  • other potent painkillers (opioids);
  • medicines to treat epilepsy, pain, and anxiety such as gabapentin and pregabalin;
  • sleep medication and tranquilisers (sedatives including benzodiazepines, hypnotics, anxiolytics);
  • medicines to treat depression;
  • medicines used to treat allergies, travel sickness or nausea (antihistamines or antiemetics);
  • medicines to treat psychiatric or mental disorders (antipsychotics which includes phenothiazines and neuroleptics);
  • muscle relaxants;
  • medicines to treat Parkinson's disease. If you take these tablets at the same time as you take other medicines, the effect of these tablets or the other medicine as described below may be changed. Tell your doctor if you are taking:
  • medicines that decrease the blood's clotting ability (coumarin derivatives), this clotting time may be speeded up or slowed down;
  • antibiotics of the macrolide type (such as clarithromycin, erythromycin or telithromycin);
  • antifungal medicines of the -azole type (such as ketoconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole or posaconazole);
  • a specific type of medicine known as a protease inhibitor used to treat HIV (examples include ritonavir, indinavir, nelfinavir or saquinavir;
  • cimetidine (a medicine for stomach ulcers, indigestion or heartburn);
  • rifampicin (used to treat tuberculosis);
  • carbamazepine (used to treat seizures, fits or convulsions and certain pain conditions);
  • phenytoin (used to treat seizures, fits or convulsions);
  • a herbal remedy called St John's Wort (also known as Hypericum perforatum);
  • quinidine (a medicine to treat an irregular heartbeat). No interactions are expected between Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride and paracetamol, acetylsalicylic acid or naltrexone. Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride with food, drink and alcohol Drinking alcohol whilst taking Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride may make you feel more sleepy or increase the risk of serious side effects such as shallow breathing with a risk of stopping breathing, and loss of consciousness. It is recommended not to drink alcohol while you're taking Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride. You should avoid drinking grapefruit juice while you are taking these tablets. Pregnancy and breastfeeding If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, think you may be pregnant or are planning to have a baby, ask your doctor or pharmacist for advice before taking this medicine. Pregnancy Use of these tablets should be avoided to the extent possible during pregnancy. If used over prolonged periods during pregnancy, oxycodone hydrochloride may lead to withdrawal symptoms in newborn infants. If oxycodone hydrochloride is given during childbirth, respiratory depression (slow and shallow breathing) may occur in the newborn infant. Breastfeeding Breastfeeding should be discontinued during treatment with these tablets. Oxycodone hydrochloride passes into breast milk. It is not known whether naloxone hydrochloride also passes into breast milk. Therefore, a risk for the suckling infant cannot be excluded in particular following intake of multiple doses of Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride. Driving and using machines Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride may affect your ability to drive or operate machines. In particular, this is likely at the start of Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride therapy, after a dose increase or after switching from a different medication. However, these side effects disappear once you are on a stable Oxycodone hydrochloride/ Naloxone hydrochloride dose. Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride has been associated with sleepiness and episodes of suddenly falling asleep. If you experience these side effects, you must not drive or operate machinery. You should tell your doctor if this occurs. The medicine can affect your ability to drive as it may make you sleepy or dizzy.
  • Do not drive while taking this medicine until you know how it affects you.
  • It is an offence to drive if this medicine affects your ability to drive.
  • However, you would not be committing an offence if:
  • The medicine has been prescribed to treat a medical or dental problem and
  • You have taken it according to the instructions given by the prescriber or in the information provided with the medicine and
  • It was not affecting your ability to drive safely Talk to your doctor or pharmacist if you are not sure whether it is safe for you to drive while taking this medicine. Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride contains lactose. This medicine contains lactose (milk sugar). If you have been told by your doctor that you have an intolerance to some sugars, contact your doctor before taking these tablets.

How to take it

Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride Always take this medicine exactly as your doctor has told you. Check with your doctor or pharmacist if you are not sure. Before starting treatment and regularly during treatment, your doctor will discuss with you what you may expect from using Oxycodone hydrochloride/ Naloxone hydrochloride, when and how long you need to take it, when to contact your doctor, and when you need to stop it (see also if you stop taking Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride).

Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride is a prolonged-release tablet, which means that its active substances are released over an extended period. Their action lasts for 12 hours. You must swallow the prolonged-release tablet whole, so as not to affect the slow release of oxycodone hydrochloride from the prolonged-release tablet. Do not break, chew or crush the tablets. Taking broken, chewed or crushed tablets may lead to the absorption of a potentially lethal dose of oxycodone hydrochloride (see section 3 "If you take more Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride than you should"). Unless otherwise prescribed by your doctor, the usual dose is: To treat pain Adults The usual starting dose is 10 mg oxycodone hydrochloride / 5 mg naloxone hydrochloride as prolonged release tablet(s) every 12 hours. Your doctor will decide how much you should take every day and how to divide your total daily dosage into morning and evening doses. Your doctor will also decide on any necessary dose adjustments during treatment. Your dose will be adjusted according to your level of pain and individual sensitivity. You should be given the lowest dose needed for pain relief. If you have already been treated with opioids, Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride treatment can be started at a higher dose. The maximum daily dose is 160 mg oxycodone hydrochloride and 80 mg naloxone hydrochloride. If you need a higher dose, your doctor may give you additional oxycodone hydrochloride without naloxone hydrochloride. However, the maximum daily dose of oxycodone hydrochloride should not exceed 400 mg. The beneficial effect of naloxone hydrochloride on bowel activity may be affected if additional oxycodone hydrochloride is given without additional naloxone hydrochloride. If you are switched from these tablets to another opioid pain medication, your bowel function will probably worsen. If you experience pain between two doses of Oxycodone hydrochloride/ Naloxone hydrochloride, you may need a rapid-acting painkiller. Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride is not suitable for this. In this case, please talk to your doctor or pharmacist. If you have the impression that the effect of these tablets is too strong or too weak, please talk to your doctor or pharmacist. The maximum daily dose is 60 mg oxycodone hydrochloride and 30 mg naloxone hydrochloride. Elderly patients In general, no dose adjustment is necessary for elderly patients with normal kidney and/or liver function. Liver or kidney impairment If you have an impairment of your kidney function or a mild impairment of your liver function, your attending doctor will prescribe these tablets with special caution. If you have a moderate or severe impairment of liver function, these tablets should not be used (see also Section 2 'Do not take Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride' and 'Warnings and Precautions'). Children and adolescents below 18 years of age Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride has not yet been studied in children and adolescents under 18 years of age. Its safety and effectiveness have not been proven in children and adolescents. For this reason, Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride use in children and adolescents under 18 years of age is not recommended. Method of administration Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride is for oral use. Swallow these tablets whole (without chewing), with sufficient liquid (1⁄2 glass of water). You can take the prolonged-release tablets with or without food. Take the tablets every 12 hours, according to a fixed time schedule (e.g. at 8 o'clock in the morning and 8 o'clock in the evening). Do not break, chew or crush the prolonged-release tablets (see section 2 'Warnings and precautions').

  • Black U 4KRKk Article name.: PL.OXYCODONE NALOXONE TPOS GB Prepared by: D. Primc Date: 06.01.2024

PL.OXYCODONE NALOXONE TPOS GB second page

Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride is provided in perforated unit dose child-resistant peel-off blister. Remove a prolonged-release tablet from the package as follows:

1. Hold the blister at the edges and separate one cell from the rest of the blister by gently tearing along the perforations around it. 2. Pull up the edge of the foil and peel the foil off completely. 3. Tip the prolonged-release tablet out into your hand. 4. Swallow the whole prolonged-release tablet with sufficient liquid, with or without food. Duration of use In general, you should not take these tablets for any longer than you need to. If you are on long-term treatment, your doctor should regularly check whether you still need these tablets. If you take more Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride than you should If you have taken more than the prescribed dose of these tablets, you must inform your doctor immediately. An overdose may result in:

  • narrowed pupils;
  • slow and shallow breathing (respiratory depression);
  • drowsiness up to loss of consciousness;
  • low muscle tone (hypotonia);
  • reduced pulse rate;
  • a drop in blood pressure;
  • a brain disorder (known as toxic leukoencephalopathy). In severe cases, loss of consciousness (coma), fluid on the lungs and circulatory collapse may occur, which may be fatal in some cases. You should avoid situations which require a high level of alertness, e.g. driving. If you forget to take Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride Or if you take a dose lower than the one prescribed, you may not feel any effect. If you forget to take your dose, please follow the instructions below:
  • If your next usual dose is due in 8 hours or more: Take the forgotten dose immediately and continue with your normal dosing schedule.
  • If your next usual dose is due within less than 8 hours: Take the forgotten dose. Then, wait another 8 hours before taking your next dose. Try to get back on track with your original dosing schedule (e.g. 8 o'clock in the morning and 8 o'clock in the evening). Do not take more than one dose within any 8-hour period. Do not take a double dose to make up for a forgotten dose. If you stop taking Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride Do not stop your treatment without consulting your doctor. If you do not require any further treatment, you must reduce the daily dose gradually after talking to your doctor. In this way, you will avoid withdrawal symptoms, such as restlessness, bouts of sweating and muscle pain. If you have any further questions on the use of this medicine, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

Possible side effects

Like all medicines, this medicine can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them. Important side effects to look out for, and what to do if you are affected: If you are affected by any of the following important side effects, consult your nearest doctor immediately. Slow and shallow breathing (respiratory depression) is the main danger of an opioid overdose. It mostly occurs in elderly and debilitated (weak) patients. Opioids can also cause a severe drop in blood pressure in susceptible patients.

The following side effects have been seen in patients being treated for pain Common (may effect up to 1 in 10 people)

  • abdominal pain
  • constipation
  • diarrhoea
  • dry mouth
  • indigestion
  • vomit (be sick)
  • feel sick
  • flatulence (wind)
  • decreased appetite up to loss of appetite
  • a feeling of dizziness or 'spinning'
  • headache
  • hot flushes
  • a feeling of unusual weakness
  • tiredness or exhaustion
  • itchy skin
  • skin reactions/rash
  • sweating
  • vertigo
  • difficulty in sleeping
  • drowsiness Uncommon (may affect up to 1 in 100 people)
  • abdominal bloating
  • abnormal thoughts
  • anxiety
  • confusion
  • depression
  • nervousness
  • chest tightness, especially if you already have coronary heart disease
  • drop in blood pressure
  • withdrawal symptoms such as agitation
  • fainting
  • lack of energy
  • thirst
  • altered taste
  • palpitations
  • biliary colic
  • chest pain
  • generally feeling unwell
  • pain
  • swelling of hands, ankles or feet
  • difficulties to concentrate
  • impaired speaking
  • shaking
  • difficulties breathing
  • restlessness
  • chills
  • hepatic enzymes increased
  • rise in blood pressure
  • reduced sexual drive
  • runny nose
  • cough
  • hypersensitivity/allergic reactions
  • weight loss
  • injuries from accidents
  • increased urge to urinate
  • muscle cramps
  • muscle twitches
  • muscle pain
  • vision impairment
  • epileptic seizures (especially in persons with epileptic disorder or predisposition to seizures) Rare (may affect up to 1 in 1,000 people)
  • increase in pulse rate
  • drug dependence
  • dental changes
  • weight gain
  • yawning Not known (frequency cannot be estimated from the available data)
  • aggression
  • euphoric mood
  • severe drowsiness
  • erectile dysfunction
  • nightmares
  • hallucinations
  • shallow breathing
  • difficulties in passing urine
  • tingling skin (pins and needles)
  • belching
  • sleep apnoea (breathing pauses during sleep) The active substance oxycodone hydrochloride, if not combined with naloxone hydrochloride, is known to have the following differing side effects: Oxycodone can cause breathing problems (respiratory depression), reduction in size of the pupil in the eye, cramping of the bronchial muscles and cramping of the smooth muscles, as well as depression of the cough reflex. Common (may affect up to 1 in 10 people)
  • altered mood and personality changes (e.g. depression, feeling of extreme happiness)
  • decreased activity
  • increased activity
  • difficulties in passing urine
  • hiccups Uncommon (may affect up to 1 in 100 people)
  • impaired concentration
  • migraines
  • increased muscle tension
  • involuntary muscle contractions
  • a condition where the bowel stops working properly (ileus)
  • dry skin
  • drug tolerance
  • reduced sensitivity to pain or touch
  • abnormal coordination
  • vocal changes (dysphonia)
  • water retention
  • difficulty in hearing
  • mouth ulcers
  • difficulties in swallowing
  • sore gums
  • perception disturbances (e.g. hallucination, derealisation)
  • flushing of skin
  • dehydration
  • agitation
  • a decrease in sex hormone levels which may affect sperm production in men or the menstrual cycle in female Rare (may affect up to 1 in 1,000 people)
  • itching rash (urticaria)
  • infections such as cold sores or herpes (which may cause blisters around the mouth or genital area)
  • increased appetite
  • black (tarry) stools
  • bleeding gums Not known (frequency cannot be estimated from the available data)
  • acute generalized allergic reactions (anaphylactic reactions)
  • an increase in sensitivity to pain
  • absence of menstrual periods
  • withdrawal symptoms in the newborn
  • problems with bile flow: a problem affecting a valve in the intestines that may cause severe upper abdominal pain (sphincter of Oddi dysfunction)
  • tooth decay The following side effects have been seen in patients being treated for restless legs syndrome Very common (may affect 1 in 10 people or more)
  • headache
  • drowsiness
  • constipation
  • feel sick
  • sweating
  • tiredness or exhaustion

Common (may affect up to 1 in 10 people)

  • decreased appetite to loss of appetite
  • difficulty in sleeping
  • depression
  • a feeling of dizziness or 'spinning
  • difficulties to concentrate
  • shaking
  • tingling in hands or feet
  • vision impairment
  • vertigo
  • hot flushes
  • drop in blood pressure
  • rise in blood pressure
  • abdominal pain
  • dry mouth
  • vomit (be sick)
  • hepatic enzymes increased (alanine aminotransferase increased, gammaglutamyltransferase increased)
  • itchy skin
  • skin reactions/rash
  • chest pain
  • chills
  • pain
  • thirst Uncommon (may affect up to 1 in 100 people)
  • reduced sexual drive
  • episodes of suddenly falling asleep
  • altered taste
  • difficulties breathing
  • wind
  • erectile dysfunction
  • withdrawal symptoms such as agitation
  • swelling of hands, ankles or feet
  • injuries from accidents Not known (frequency cannot be estimated from available data)
  • hypersensitivity/ allergic reactions
  • abnormal thoughts
  • anxiety
  • confusion
  • nervousness
  • restlessness
  • euphoric mood
  • hallucinations
  • nightmares
  • epileptic seizures (especially in persons with epileptic disorder or predisposition to seizures)
  • drug dependence
  • severe drowsiness
  • impaired speaking
  • fainting
  • chest tightness especially if you already have coronary heart disease
  • palpitations
  • increase in pulse rate
  • shallow breathing
  • cough
  • runny nose
  • yawning
  • abdominal bloating
  • diarrhoea
  • aggression
  • indigestion
  • belching
  • dental changes
  • biliary colic
  • muscle cramps
  • muscle twitches
  • muscle pain
  • difficulties in passing urine
  • increased urge to urinate
  • generally feeling unwell

IDIIIM

  • weight loss
  • weight increase
  • a feeling of unusual weakness
  • lack of energy Reporting of side effects If you get any side effects, talk to your doctor or pharmacist. This includes any possible side effects not listed in this leaflet. You can also report side effects directly via Yellow Card Scheme, Website: yellowcard.mhra.gov.uk or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store. By reporting side effects you can help provide more information on the safety of this medicine.

How to store it

Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride Keep this medicine out of the sight and reach of children. Do not use this medicine after the expiry date which is stated on the packaging after EXP. The expiry date refers to the last day of that month. Do not store above 30oC. Store in the original package in order to protect from moisture. Do not throw away any medicines via wastewater or household waste. Ask your pharmacist how to throw away medicines you no longer use. These measures will help protect the environment.

Contents of the pack and other information

What Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride contains

  • The active substances are oxycodone hydrochloride and naloxone hydrochloride. 10 mg/5 mg prolonged-release tablets: Each prolonged-release tablet contains 10 mg of oxycodone hydrochloride equivalent to 9 mg oxycodone and 5 mg naloxone hydrochloride as 5.45 mg naloxone hydrochloride dihydrate, equivalent to 4.5 mg naloxone. 20 mg/10 mg prolonged-release tablets: Each prolonged-release tablet contains 20 mg of oxycodone hydrochloride equivalent to 18 mg oxycodone and 10 mg naloxone hydrochloride as 10.9 mg naloxone hydrochloride dihydrate, equivalent to 9 mg naloxone. 40 mg/20 mg prolonged-release tablets: Each prolonged-release tablet contains 40 mg of oxycodone hydrochloride equivalent to 36 mg oxycodone and 20 mg naloxone hydrochloride as 21.8 mg naloxone hydrochloride dihydrate, equivalent to 18 mg naloxone.
  • The other ingredients are: 10 mg/5 mg prolonged-release tablets: hydroxypropylcellulose, ethylcellulose, glycerol distearate, lactose monohydrate, talc (E553b), magnesium stearate (E470b) in the tablet core and poly(vinyl alcohol), titanium dioxide (E171), macrogol 3350, talc (E553b) in film coating. See section 2 "Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride contains lactose". 20 mg/10 mg prolonged-release tablets: hydroxypropylcellulose, ethylcellulose, glycerol distearate, lactose monohydrate, talc (E553b), magnesium stearate (E470b) in the tablet core and poly(vinyl alcohol), titanium dioxide (E171), macrogol 3350, talc (E553b), red iron oxide (E172) in film coating. See section 2 "Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride contains lactose". 40 mg/20 mg prolonged-release tablets: hydroxypropylcellulose, ethylcellulose, glycerol distearate, lactose monohydrate, talc (E553b), magnesium stearate (E470b) in the tablet core and poly(vinyl alcohol), titanium dioxide (E171), macrogol 3350, talc (E553b), yellow iron oxide (E172) in film coating. See section 2 "Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride contains lactose".

40 mg/20 mg prolonged-release tablets: Brownish yellow, capsule shaped, slightly biconvex, film coated prolongedrelease tablets engraved with "40" on one side of the tablet (dimensions: 14.0 mm x 6.0 mm). Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride 10 mg/5 mg is available in packs containing 10, 14, 20, 28, 30, 50, 56, 60, 90, 98, 100 or 112 prolonged-release tablets in child-resistant blisters. Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride 20 mg/10 mg is available in packs containing 10, 20, 28, 30, 50, 56, 60, 90, 98, 100 or 112 prolongedrelease tablets in child-resistant blisters. Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride 40 mg/20 mg is available in packs containing 10, 20, 28, 30, 50, 56, 60, 90, 98, 100 or 112 prolongedrelease tablets in child-resistant blisters. Only for perforated unit dose child-resistant peel-off blisters: Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride 10 mg/5 mg is available in packs containing 10 x 1, 14 x 1, 20 x 1, 28 x 1, 30 x 1, 50 x 1, 56 x 1, 60 x 1, 90 x 1, 98 x 1, 100 x 1 or 112 x 1 prolonged-release tablet in perforated unit dose child-resistant peel-off blisters. Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride 20 mg/10 mg is available in packs containing 10 x 1, 20 x 1, 28 x 1, 30 x 1, 50 x 1, 56 x 1, 60 x 1, 90 x 1, 98 x 1, 100 x 1 or 112 x 1 prolonged-release tablet in perforated unit dose child-resistant peel-off blisters. Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride 40 mg/20 mg is available in packs containing 10 x 1, 20 x 1, 28 x 1, 30 x 1, 50 x 1, 56 x 1, 60 x 1, 90 x 1, 98 x 1, 100 x 1 or 112 x 1 prolonged-release tablet in perforated unit dose child-resistant peel-off blisters. Not all pack sizes may be marketed. Marketing Authorisation Holder and Manufacturer KRKA, d.d, Novo mesto, Šmarješka cesta 6, 8501 Novo mesto, Slovenia This leaflet was last revised in 01/2025.

What Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride looks like and contents of the pack 10 mg/5 mg prolonged-release tablets: White, oval, slightly biconvex, film coated prolonged-release tablets engraved with "10" on one side of the tablet (dimensions: 9.5 mm x 4.5 mm). 20 mg/10 mg prolonged-release tablets: Light pink, oval, slightly biconvex, film coated prolonged-release tablets engraved with "20" on one side of the tablet (dimensions: 9.5 mm x 4.5 mm).

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Frequently asked questions about Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride 20 mg/10 mg prolonged-release tablets

How do I take Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride 20 mg/10 mg prolonged-release tablets?

Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride 20 mg/10 mg prolonged-release tablets comes as tablet containing 20mg / 10mg. Always follow the dose your doctor or pharmacist has given you, and read the leaflet that comes with the medicine.

What is the active substance in Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride 20 mg/10 mg prolonged-release tablets?

The active substance in Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride 20 mg/10 mg prolonged-release tablets is naloxone hydrochloride, oxycodone hydrochloride.

Are there equivalent medicines to Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride 20 mg/10 mg prolonged-release tablets?

Medicines with the same active substance, strength and form include: Myloxifin 20 mg/10 mg prolonged-release tablets, Sofonac 20 mg/10 mg prolonged-release tablets, Targinact 20 mg/10 mg prolonged-release tablets. They are interchangeable only if your prescriber or pharmacist says so.

Where does this information come from?

This leaflet reproduces the patient information leaflet approved for Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride 20 mg/10 mg prolonged-release tablets, as published on the electronic medicines compendium (emc). The version printed inside your medicine’s packaging is the one that applies to you.

Can I get Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride 20 mg/10 mg prolonged-release tablets without a prescription?

Whether a medicine is available over the counter or on prescription only depends on its licence. Check the leaflet, or ask your pharmacist — they can tell you straight away.

About this leaflet

The text above reproduces the patient information leaflet approved for this medicine, restructured for easier reading.

  • Source: electronic medicines compendium (emc), Datapharm
  • Active substance: naloxone hydrochloride, oxycodone hydrochloride
  • Official document: view the original leaflet on emc →
Medical disclaimer: This page is for information only and does not replace advice from your doctor or pharmacist. Always read the leaflet supplied with your medicine. If you are unwell, call NHS 111; in an emergency, call 999.

Medicines with the same active substance: Naloxone hydrochloride (6 medicines), Naloxone hydrochloride, oxycodone hydrochloride (3 medicines), Oxycodone hydrochloride (89 medicines)
See every medicine containing this substance, or browse the full A–Z of active substances.
⚕For healthcare professionals — Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)Full SmPC: dosage, interactions, contraindications, warnings+
Technical information intended for healthcare professionals (doctors and pharmacists). The Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) is the official document approved by the MHRA/EMA. It does not replace the patient leaflet or a doctor’s advice.

4.1. Therapeutic indications

Severe pain, which can be adequately managed only with opioid analgesics.

The opioid antagonist naloxone is added to counteract opioid-induced constipation by blocking the action of oxycodone at opioid receptors locally in the gut.

Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride is indicated in adults.

4.2. Posology and method of administration

Posology

Analgesia

The analgesic efficacy of Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride is equivalent to oxycodone hydrochloride prolonged-release formulations.

The dosage should be adjusted to the intensity of pain and the sensitivity of the individual patient. Unless otherwise prescribed, these tablets should be administered as follows:

Adults

The usual starting dose for an opioid naive patient is 10 mg/5 mg of oxycodone hydrochloride/naloxone hydrochloride at 12 hourly intervals.

Lower strengths are available to facilitate dose titration when initiating opioid therapy and for individual dose adjustment.

Patients already receiving opioids may be started on higher doses depending on their previous opioid experience.

The maximum daily dose of these tablets is 160 mg oxycodone hydrochloride and 80 mg naloxone hydrochloride. The maximum daily dose is reserved for patients who have previously been maintained on a stable daily dose and who have become in need of an increased dose. Special attention should be given to patients with compromised renal function and patients with mild hepatic impairment if an increased dose is considered. For patients requiring higher doses, administration of supplemental prolonged-release oxycodone hydrochloride at the same time intervals should be considered, taking into account the maximum daily dose of 400 mg prolonged-release oxycodone hydrochloride. In the case of supplemental oxycodone hydrochloride dosing, the beneficial effect of naloxone hydrochloride on bowel function may be impaired.

After complete discontinuation of therapy with these tablets with a subsequent switch to another opioid a worsening of the bowel function can be expected.

Some patients taking these prolonged-release tablets according to a regular time schedule require immediate-release analgesics as “rescue” medication for breakthrough pain. Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride is a prolonged-release formulation and therefore not intended for the treatment of breakthrough pain. For the treatment of breakthrough pain, a single dose of “rescue medication” should approximate one sixth of the equivalent daily dose of oxycodone hydrochloride. The need for more than two “rescues” per day is usually an indication that the dosage requires upward adjustment. This adjustment should be made every 1-2 days. The aim is to establish a patient-specific twice daily dose that will maintain adequate analgesia and make use of as little rescue medication as possible for as long as pain therapy is necessary.

Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride is taken at the determined dosage twice daily according to a fixed time schedule. While symmetric administration (the same dose mornings and evenings) subject to a fixed time schedule (every 12 hours) is appropriate for the majority of patients, some patients, depending on the individual pain situation, may benefit from asymmetric dosing tailored to their pain pattern. In general, the lowest effective analgesic dose should be selected.

In non-malignant pain therapy, daily doses of up to 40 mg/20 mg oxycodone hydrochloride/naloxone hydrochloride are usually sufficient, but higher doses may be needed.

For doses not realisable/practicable with this strength other strengths of this medicinal product are available.

Elderly patients

As for younger adults the dosage should be adjusted to the intensity of the pain and the sensitivity of the individual patient.

Patients with impaired hepatic function

A clinical trial has shown that plasma concentrations of both oxycodone and naloxone are elevated in patients with hepatic impairment. Naloxone concentrations were affected to a higher degree than oxycodone (see section 5.2). The clinical relevance of a relative high naloxone exposure in hepatic impaired patients is yet not known. Caution must be exercised when administering these tablets to patients with mild hepatic impairment (see section 4.4). In patients with moderate and severe hepatic impairment Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride is contraindicated (see section 4.3).

Patients with impaired renal function

A clinical trial has shown that plasma concentrations of both oxycodone and naloxone are elevated in patients with renal impairment (see section 5.2). Naloxone concentrations were affected to a higher degree than oxycodone. The clinical relevance of a relative high naloxone exposure in renal impaired patients is yet not known. Caution should be exercised when administering these tablets to patients with renal impairment (see section 4.4).

Paediatric population

The safety and efficacy of Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride in children aged below 18 years has not been established. No data are available.

Method of administration

Oral use.

These prolonged-release tablets are taken in the determined dosage twice daily in a fixed time schedule.

The prolonged-release tablets may be taken with or without food with sufficient liquid. These tablets must be swallowed whole, and not broken, chewed or crushed (see section 4.4).

Treatment goals and discontinuation

Before initiating treatment with Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride, a treatment strategy including treatment duration and treatment goals, and a plan for end of the treatment, should be agreed together with the patient, in accordance with pain management guidelines. During treatment, there should be frequent contact between the physician and the patient to evaluate the need for continued treatment, consider discontinuation and to adjust dosages if needed. When a patient no longer requires therapy with oxycodone, it may be advisable to taper the dose gradually to prevent symptoms of withdrawal. In absence of adequate pain control, the possibility of hyperalgesia, tolerance and progression of underlying disease should be considered (see section 4.4).

Duration of use

These tablets should not be administered for longer than absolutely necessary

4.3. Contraindications

- Hypersensitivity to the active substances or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1.

- Severe respiratory depression with hypoxia and/or hypercapnia,

- Severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,

- Cor pulmonale,

- Severe bronchial asthma,

- Non-opioid induced paralytic ileus,

- Moderate to severe hepatic impairment.

Additionally for restless legs syndrome:

- History of opioid abuse

4.4. Special warnings and precautions for use

Caution must be exercised when administering these tablets to patients with:

- Severely impaired respiratory function

- Sleep apnoea

- CNS depressants co-administration (see below and section 4.5)

- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs, see below and section 4.5)

- Tolerance, physical dependence and withdrawal (see below)

- Psychological dependence [addiction], abuse profile and history of substance and/or alcohol abuse (see below)

- Elderly or infirm

- Head injury, intracranial lesions or increased intracranial pressure, reduced level of consciousness of uncertain origin

- Epileptic disorder or predisposition to convulsions

- Hypotension

- Hypertension

- Pancreatitis

- Mild hepatic impairment

- Renal impairment

- Opioid-induced paralytic ileus

- Myxoedema

- Hypothyroidism

- Addison's disease (adrenal cortical insufficiency)

- Prostate hypertrophy

- Toxic psychosis

- Alcoholism

- Delirium tremens

- Cholelithiasis

- Pre-existing cardiovascular diseases

Respiratory depression

The primary risk of opioid excess is respiratory depression.

Sleep-related breathing disorders

Opioids can cause sleep-related breathing disorders including central sleep apnoea (CSA) and sleep related hypoxemia. Opioid use increases the risk of CSA in a dose-dependent fashion. In patients who present with CSA, consider decreasing the total opioid dosage.

Opioid-induced ventilatory impairment and persistent postoperative opioid use

Do not use for acute post-operative pain owing to the increased risk of persistent post-operative opioid use (PPOU) and opioid-induced ventilatory impairment (OIVI)

Risk from concomitant use of sedative medicines such as benzodiazepines or related drugs:

Concomitant use of opioids, including oxycodone hydrochloride and sedative medicines such as benzodiazepines or related drugs may result in sedation, respiratory depression, coma and death. Because of these risks, concomitant prescribing with these sedative medicines should be reserved for patients for whom alternative treatment options are not possible. If a decision is made to prescribe Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride concomitantly with sedative medicines, the lowest effective dose should be used, and the duration of treatment should be as short as possible.

The patients should be followed closely for signs and symptoms of respiratory depression and sedation. In this respect, it is strongly recommended to inform patients and their caregivers to be aware of these symptoms (see section 4.5).

MAOIs

Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride must be administered with caution in patients taking MAOIs or who have received MAOIs within the previous two weeks.

Caution is advised in treating restless legs syndrome patients with additional sleep apnoea syndrome with these tablets due to the additive risk of respiratory depression. No data about the risk exist because in the clinical trial patients with sleep apnoea syndrome were excluded.

Caution must also be exercised when administering these tablets to patients with mild hepatic or renal impairment. Careful medical monitoring is particularly necessary for patients with severe renal impairment.

Diarrhoea may be considered as a possible effect of naloxone.

Opioid Use Disorder (abuse and dependence)

Tolerance and physical and/or psychological dependence may develop upon repeated administration of opioids such as oxycodone. Repeated use of Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride can lead to Opioid Use Disorder (OUD). A higher dose and longer duration of opioid treatment can increase the risk of developing OUD. Abuse or intentional misuse of Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride may result in overdose and/or death. The risk of developing OUD is increased in patients with a personal or a family history (parents or siblings) of substance use disorders (including alcohol use disorder), in current tobacco users or in patients with a personal history of other mental health disorders (e.g. major depression, anxiety and personality disorders).

Before initiating treatment with Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride and during the treatment, treatment goals and a discontinuation plan should be agreed with the patient (see section 4.2). Before and during treatment the patient should also be informed about the risks and signs of OUD. If these signs occur, patients should be advised to contact their physician.

Patients will require monitoring for signs of drug-seeking behaviour (e.g. too early requests for refills). This includes the review of concomitant opioids and psycho-active drugs (like benzodiazepines). For patients with signs and symptoms of OUD, consultation with an addiction specialist should be considered.

Discontinuation of treatment and withdrawal syndrome

Repeated use of Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride may lead to physical dependence and a withdrawal syndrome may occur upon abrupt cessation of therapy. If therapy is no longer required, it may be advisable to reduce the daily dose gradually in order to avoid the occurrence of withdrawal syndrome. (see section 4.2)

Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride is not suitable for the treatment of withdrawal symptoms.

There is limited clinical experience with Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride in the long-term use for other indications beyond 1 year.

In order not to impair the prolonged-release characteristic of the prolonged-release tablets, the prolonged-release tablets must be taken whole and must not be broken, chewed or crushed. Breaking, chewing or crushing the prolonged-release tablets for ingestion leads to a faster release of the active substances and the absorption of a possibly fatal dose of oxycodone (see section 4.9).

Patients who have experienced somnolence and/or an episode of sudden sleep onset must refrain from driving or operating machines. Furthermore a reduction of the dose or termination of therapy may be considered. Because of possible additive effects, caution should be advised when patients are taking other sedating medicinal products in combination with Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride (see sections 4.5 and 4.7).

Concomitant use of alcohol and Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride may increase the undesirable effects of Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride; concomitant use should be avoided.

Studies have not been performed on the safety and efficacy of Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride in children and adolescents below the age of 18 years. Therefore, their use in children and adolescents under 18 years of age is not recommended.

There is no clinical experience in patients with cancer associated to peritoneal carcinomatosis or with sub-occlusive syndrome in advanced stages of digestive and pelvic cancers. Therefore, the use of these tablets in this population is not recommended.

These tablets are not recommended for pre-operative use or within the first 12-24 hours post-operatively. Depending on the type and extent of surgery, the anaesthetic procedure selected, other co-medication and the individual condition of the patient, the exact timing for initiating post-operative treatment with these tablets depends on a careful risk-benefit assessment for each individual patient.

Any abuse of these tablets by drug addicts is strongly discouraged. If abused parenterally, intranasally or orally by individuals dependent on opioid agonists, such as heroin, morphine, or methadone, these tablets are expected to produce marked withdrawal symptoms - because of the opioid receptor antagonist characteristics of naloxone - or to intensify withdrawal symptoms already present (see section 4.9).

These tablets consist of a dual-polymer matrix, intended for oral use only. Abusive parenteral injections of the prolonged-release tablet constituents (especially talc) can be expected to result in local tissue necrosis and pulmonary granulomas or may lead to other serious, potentially fatal undesirable effects.

The empty prolonged-release tablet matrix may be visible in the stool.

Opioids such as oxycodone may influence the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal or -gonadal axes. Some changes that can be seen include an increase in serum prolactin, and decreases in plasma cortisol and testosterone. Clinical symptoms may manifest from these hormonal changes.

In patients under long-term opioid treatment the switch to Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride may initially provoke withdrawal symptoms or diarrhoea.

Hyperalgesia that will not respond to a further dose increase of oxycodone may occur in particular in high doses. An oxycodone dose reduction or change in opioid may be required.

Hepatobiliary disorders

Oxycodone may cause dysfunction and spasm of the sphincter of Oddi, thus increasing the risk of biliary tract symptoms and pancreatitis. Therefore, oxycodone / naloxone has to be administered with caution in patients with pancreatitis and diseases of the biliary tract.

The use of Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride may produce positive results in doping controls. The use of Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride as a doping agent may become a health hazard.

This medicinal product contains lactose. Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, total lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption should not take Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride.

4.5. Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction

The concomitant use of opioids with sedative medicines such as benzodiazepines or related drugs increases the risk of sedation, respiratory depression, coma and death because of additive CNS depressant effect. The dose and duration of concomitant use should be limited (see section 4.4).

Drugs which depress the CNS include but are not limited to: other opioids, gabapentinoids such as pregabalin, anxiolytics, hypnotics and sedatives (including benzodiazepines), antidepressants, antipsychotics, antihistamines and antiemetics.

Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride must be administered with caution in patients taking MAOIs or who have received MAOIs within the previous two weeks.

Concomitant administration of oxycodone with serotonin agents, such as a Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitor (SSRI) or a Serotonin Norepinephrine Re-uptake Inhibitor (SNRI) may cause serotonin toxicity. The symptoms of serotonin toxicity may include mental-status changes (e.g., agitation, hallucinations, coma), autonomic instability (e.g., tachycardia, labile blood pressure, hyperthermia), neuromuscular abnormalities (e.g., hyperreflexia, incoordination, rigidity), and/or gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea). Oxycodone should be used with caution and the dosage may need to be reduced in patients using these medications.

Concomitant administration of oxycodone with anticholinergics or medications with anticholinergic activity (e.g. tri-cyclic antidepressants, antihistamines, anti-psychotics, muscle relaxants, anti-Parkinson drugs) may result in increased anticholinergic adverse effects.

Alcohol may enhance the pharmacodynamic effects of Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride; concomitant use should be avoided.

Clinically relevant changes in International Normalized Ratio (INR or Quick-value) in both directions have been observed in individuals if oxycodone and coumarin anticoagulants are co-applied.

Oxycodone is metabolised primarily via the CYP3A4 pathways and partly via the CYP2D6 pathway (see section 5.2). The activities of these metabolic pathways may be inhibited or induced by various co-administered drugs or dietary elements. Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride doses may need to be adjusted accordingly.

CYP3A4 inhibitors, such as macrolide antibiotics (e.g. clarithromycin, erythromycin, telithromycin), azole-antifungal agents (e.g. ketoconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole), protease inhibitors (e.g. ritonavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, saquinavir), cimetidine and grapefruit juice may cause decreased clearance of oxycodone which could lead to an increase in oxycodone plasma concentrations. A reduction in the dose of these tablets and subsequent re-titration may be necessary.

CYP3A4 inducers, such as rifampicin, carbamazepine, phenytoin and St. John's Wort, may induce the metabolism of oxycodone and cause increased clearance of the drug, resulting in a decrease in oxycodone plasma concentrations. Caution is advised and further titration may be necessary to reach an adequate level of symptom control.

Theoretically, medicinal products that inhibit CYP2D6 activity, such as paroxetine, fluoxetine and quinidine, may cause decreased clearance of oxycodone which could lead to an increase in oxycodone plasma concentrations. Concomitant administration with CYP2D6 inhibitors had an insignificant effect on the elimination of oxycodone and also had no influence on the pharmacodynamic effects of oxycodone.

In vitro metabolism studies indicate that no clinically relevant interactions are to be expected between oxycodone and naloxone.

The likelihood of clinically relevant interactions between paracetamol, acetylsalicylic acid or naltrexone and the combination of oxycodone and naloxone in therapeutic concentrations is minimal.

4.6. Fertility, pregnancy and lactation

Pregnancy

There are no data from the use of Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride in pregnant women and during childbirth. Limited data on the use of oxycodone during pregnancy in humans reveal no evidence of an increased risk of congenital abnormalities. For naloxone, insufficient clinical data on exposed pregnancies are available. However, systemic exposure of the women to naloxone after use of these tablets is relatively low (see section 5.2). Both oxycodone and naloxone pass into the placenta. Animal studies have not been performed with oxycodone and naloxone in combination (see section 5.3). Animal studies with oxycodone or naloxone administered as single drugs have not revealed any teratogenic or embryotoxic effects.

Long-term administration of oxycodone during pregnancy may lead to withdrawal symptoms in the newborn. If administered during childbirth, oxycodone may evoke respiratory depression in the newborn. These tablets should only be used during pregnancy if the benefit outweighs the possible risks to the unborn child or neonate.

Breastfeeding

Oxycodone passes into the breast milk. A milk-plasma concentration ratio of 3:4:1 was measured and oxycodone effects in the suckling infant are therefore conceivable. It is not known whether naloxone also passes into the breast milk. However, after taking these tablets systemic naloxone levels are very low (see section 5.2).

A risk to the suckling child cannot be excluded in particular following intake of multiple doses of these tablets by the breastfeeding mother.

Breastfeeding should be discontinued during treatment with Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride.

Fertility

No human data on the effect of oxycodone and naloxone on fertility are available. In rats, there was no effect on mating or fertility with oxycodone/naloxone treatment (see Section 5.3).

4.7. Effects on ability to drive and use machines

Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride has moderate influence on the ability to drive and use machines. This is particularly likely at the beginning of treatment after dose increase or product rotation and if these tablets are combined with other CNS depressant agents. Patients stabilised on a specific dosage will not necessarily be restricted. Therefore, patients should consult with their physician as to whether driving or the use of machinery is permitted.

Patients being treated with Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride and presenting with somnolence and/or sudden sleep episodes must be informed to refrain from driving or engaging in activities where impaired alertness may put themselves or others at risk of serious injury or death (e.g. operating machines) until such recurrent episodes and somnolence have resolved (see also sections 4.4 and 4.5).

This medicine can impair cognitive function and can affect a patient's ability to drive safely. When prescribing this medicine, patients should be told:

- The medicine is likely to affect your ability to drive

- Do not drive until you know how the medicine affects you

- It is an offence to drive while under the influence of this medicine

- However, you would not be committing an offence (called 'statutory defence') if:

- The medicine has been prescribed to treat a medical or dental problem and

- You have taken it according to the instructions given by the prescriber and in the information provided with the medicine and

- It was not affecting your ability to drive safely

4.8. Undesirable effects

The following frequencies are the basis for assessing undesirable effects:

- Very common (≥ 1/10)

- Common (≥ 1/100 to < 1/10)

- Uncommon (≥ 1/1,000 to < 1/100)

- Rare (≥ 1/10,000 to < 1/1,000)

- Very rare (< 1/10,000)

- Not known (cannot be estimated from the available data)

Within each frequency grouping, undesirable effects are presented in order of decreasing seriousness.

Undesirable affects in the treatment of pain

System organ class

MedDRA

Common

Uncommon

Rare

Not known

Immune system disorders

Hypersensitivity

Metabolism and nutrition disorders

Decreased appetite up to loss of appetite

Psychiatric disorders

Insomnia

Abnormal thinking

Anxiety

Confusional state

Depression

Libido decreased

Nervousness

Restlessness

Drug dependence

(see Section 4.4)

Euphoric mood

Hallucination

Nightmares

Aggression

Nervous system disorders

Dizziness

Headache

Somnolence

Convulsions1

Disturbance in attention

Dysgeusia

Speech disorder

Syncope

Tremor

Lethargy

Paraesthesia

Sedation

Eye disorders

Visual impairment

Ear and labyrinth disorders

Vertigo

Cardiac disorders

Angina pectoris2

Palpitations

Tachycardia

Vascular disorders

Hot flush

Blood pressure decreased

Blood pressure increased

Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders

Dyspnoea

Rhinorrhoea

Cough

Yawning

Respiratory depression

Central sleep apnoea syndrome

Gastrointestinal disorders

Abdominal pain

Constipation

Diarrhoea

Dry mouth

Dyspepsia

Vomiting

Nausea

Flatulence

Abdominal distention

Tooth disorder

Eructation

Hepatobiliary disorders

Hepatic enzymes increased

Biliary colic

Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders

Pruritus

Skin reactions

Hyperhidrosis

Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders

Muscle spasms

Muscle twitching,

Myalgia

Renal and urinary disorders

Micturition urgency

Urinary retention

Reproductive system and breast disorders

Erectile dysfunction

General disorders and administration site conditions

Asthenia

Fatigue

Chest pain, Chills, Drug withdrawal syndrome

Malaise

Pain

Oedema peripheral

Thirst

Investigations

Weight decreased

Weight increased

Injury, poisoning and procedural complications

Injuries from accidents

1 particularly in persons with epileptic disorder or predisposition to convulsions

2 particularly in patients with history of coronary artery disease

For the active substance oxycodone hydrochloride, the following additional undesirable effects are known:

Due to its pharmacological properties, oxycodone hydrochloride may cause respiratory depression, miosis, bronchial spasm and spasms of nonstriated muscles as well as suppress the cough reflex.

System organ class

MedDRA

Common

Uncommon

Rare

Not known

Infections and infestations

Herpes simplex

Immune system disorders

Anaphylactic reaction

Metabolism and nutrition disorders

Dehydration

Increased appetite

Psychiatric disorders

Altered mood and personality changes

Decreased activity

Psychomotor hyperactivity

Agitation

Perception disturbances (e.g. derealisation)

Nervous system disorders

Concentration impaired

Migraine

Hypertonia,

Involuntary muscle contractions

Hypoaesthesia

Abnormal co-ordination

Hyperalgesia

Ear and labyrinth disorders

Hearing impaired

Vascular disorders

Vasodilation

Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders

Dysphonia

Gastrointestinal disorders

Hiccups

Dysphagia Ileus

Mouth ulceration

Stomatitis

Melaena,

Gingival bleeding

Dental caries

Hepatobiliary disorders

Cholestasis

Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction

Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders

Dry skin

Urticaria

Renal and urinary disorders

Dysuria

Reproductive system and breast disorders

Hypogonadism

Amenorrhoea

General disorders and administration site conditions

Oedema

Drug tolerance

Drug withdrawal syndrome neonatal

Undesirable effects in the treatment of restless legs syndrome

The list below reflects the adverse drug reactions seen with oxycodone/naloxone in a 12-week, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial comprising a total of 150 patients on oxycodone/naloxone and 154 patients on placebo with daily dosages between 10 mg/5 mg and 80 mg/40 mg oxycodone hydrochloride/naloxone hydrochloride. Adverse drug reactions associated with oxycodone/naloxone in pain and not observed in RLS study population were added with the frequency of not known.

System organ class

MedDRA

Very Common

Common

Uncommon

Not known

Immune system disorders

Hypersensitivity

Metabolism and nutrition disorders

Decreased appetite up to loss of appetite

Psychiatric disorders

Insomnia

Depression

Libido decreased

Sleep attacks

Abnormal thinking

Anxiety

Confusional state

Nervousness

Restlessness

Euphoric mood

Hallucination

Nightmares

Drug dependence

Aggression

Nervous system disorders

Headache

Somnolence

Dizziness,

Disturbance in attention

Tremor

Paraesthesia

Dysgeusia

Convulsions1

Sedation

Speech disorder

Syncope

Lethargy

Eye disorders

Visual impairment

Ear and labyrinth disorders

Vertigo

Cardiac disorders

Angina pectoris2

Palpitations

Tachycardia

Vascular disorders

Hot flush

Blood pressure decreased

Blood pressure increased

Respiratory thoracic and mediastinal disorders

Dyspnoea

Cough

Rhinorrhoea

Respiratory depression

Yawning

Gastrointestinal disorders

Constipation

Nausea

Abdominal pain

Dry mouth

Vomiting

Flatulence

Abdominal distention

Diarrhoea

Dyspepsia

Eructation

Tooth disorder

Hepatobiliary disorders

Hepatic enzymes increased3

Biliary colic

Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders

Hyperhidorosis

Pruritus,

Skin reactions

Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders

Muscle spasms

Muscle twitching

Myalgia

Reneal and urinary disorders

Micturition urgency

Urinary retention

Reproductive systems and breast disorders

Erectile dysfunction

General disorders and administration site conditions

Fatigue

Chest pain

Chills

Thirst

Pain

Drug withdrawal syndrome

Oedema peripheral

Malaise

Asthenia

Investigation

Weight decreased

Weight increased

Injury, poisoning and procedural complications

Injuries from accidents

1 particularly in persons with epileptic disorder or predisposition to convulsions

2 particularly in patients with history of coronary artery disease

3 alanine aminotransferase increased, gamma-glutamyl transferease increased

Drug dependence

Repeated use of Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride can lead to drug dependence, even at therapeutic doses. The risk of drug dependence may vary depending on a patient's individual risk factors, dosage, and duration of opioid treatment (see section 4.4).

Reporting of suspected adverse reactions

Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via Yellow Card Scheme, Website: yellowcard.mhra.gov.uk or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store.

4.9. Overdose

Symptoms of intoxication

Depending on the history of the patient, an overdose of Oxycodone hydrochloride/Naloxone hydrochloride may be manifested by symptoms that are either triggered by oxycodone (opioid receptor agonist) or by naloxone (opioid receptor antagonist). Symptoms of oxycodone overdose include miosis, respiratory depression, somnolence progressing to stupor, hypotonia, bradycardia as well as hypotension. Coma, non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema and circulatory failure may occur in more severe cases and may lead to a fatal outcome.

Toxic leukoencephalopathy has been observed with oxycodone overdose.

Symptoms of a naloxone overdose alone are unlikely.

Therapy of intoxication

Withdrawal symptoms due to an overdose of naloxone should be treated symptomatically in a closely-supervised environment.

Clinical symptoms suggestive of an oxycodone overdose may be treated by the administration of opioid antagonists (e.g. naloxone hydrochloride 0.4-2 mg intravenously). Administration should be repeated at 2-3 minute intervals, as clinically necessary. It is also possible to apply an infusion of 2 mg naloxone hydrochloride in 500 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride or 5% dextrose (0.004 mg/ml naloxone). The infusion should be run at a rate aligned to the previously administered bolus doses and to the patient's response.

Consideration may be given to gastric lavage.

Supportive measures (artificial ventilation, oxygen, vasopressors and fluid infusions) should be employed as necessary, to manage the circulatory shock accompanying an overdose. Cardiac arrest or arrhythmias may require cardiac massage or defibrillation. Artificial ventilation should be applied if necessary. Fluid and electrolyte metabolism should be maintained.

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Answers come from the patient leaflet published on the electronic medicines compendium (emc). They are not medical advice. Ask a pharmacist or your GP if you are unsure. For urgent help call NHS 111, or 999 in an emergency.

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