4.1. Therapeutic indications

Noqdirna is indicated for symptomatic treatment of nocturia due to idiopathic nocturnal polyuria in adults (see section 5.1).

4.2. Posology and method of administration

Posology

• Women: 25 microgram daily, one hour before bedtime, administered sublingually without water.

• Men: 50 microgram daily, one hour before bedtime, administered sublingually without water.

A dose increase with this product is not recommended in elderly patients ≥ 65 years.

If higher doses are considered for patients under the age of 65 years in case of an insufficient response to Noqdirna, other desmopressin oral lyophilisate products should be used (see sections 4.4, 4.8 and 5.1)

In the event of signs or symptoms of water retention and/or hyponatremia (headache, nausea/vomiting, weight gain, and, in severe cases, convulsions) treatment should be interrupted and reassessed. When restarting treatment strict fluid restriction should be enforced and serum sodium levels monitored (see section 4.4).

Noqdirna should be discontinued if the serum sodium level falls below the lower limit of normal range (i.e.135 mmol/L)

Special Populations

Elderly patients (65 years of age and older)

Elderly patients are at increased risk of developing hyponatraemia with desmopressin treatment and may also have impaired renal function. Caution should therefore be exercised in this age group and daily doses above 25 microgram for females and 50 microgram for males should not be used. In elderly patients serum sodium must be within the normal range, before initiating treatment, in the first week (4‑8 days after initiation) and again at one month. Noqdirna should be discontinued if the serum sodium level falls below the lower limit of normal range (see section 4.4). Continued therapy must be carefully reconsidered in elderly patients who show no evidence of therapeutic benefit beyond 3 months.

Renal impairment

Noqdirna is contraindicated in patients with moderate and severe renal insufficiency (see section 4.3).

Hepatic impairment

No dose adjustment is needed for patients with hepatic impairment (see section 5.2).

Paediatric population

There is no relevant use of Noqdirna in the paediatric population for the indication of symptomatic treatment of nocturia due to idiopathic nocturnal polyuria.

Method of administration

Noqdirna is placed under the tongue where it dissolves without the need for water.

Food intake may reduce the intensity and duration of the antidiuretic effect at low doses of desmopressin (see section 5.2)

4.3. Contraindications

• Hypersensitivity to the active substances or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1

• Habitual or psychogenic polydipsia (resulting in a urine production exceeding 40 ml/kg/24 hours)

• Known or suspected cardiac insufficiency or other conditions associated with fluid overload, sufficient to require treatment with diuretics, including a history of such conditions

• Moderate and severe renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance below 50 ml/min)

• Known history of hyponatremia

• Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH)

4.4. Special warnings and precautions for use

Patients, in particular the elderly, should undergo clinical examination and questioning before commencing treatment with Noqdirna, given that nocturnal polyuria can be a symptom of cardiovascular or other medical conditions associated with fluid overload. If there is any suspicion of such coexistent conditions, treatment with desmopressin is not recommended (see also section 4.3).

Fluid intake must be limited to a minimum from 1 hour before until 8 hours after administration. Treatment without concomitant reduction of fluid intake may lead to prolonged fluid retention and/or hyponatremia with or without accompanying warning signs and symptoms (headache, nausea/vomiting, weight gain, and, in severe cases, convulsions).

Elderly patients with serum sodium levels in the lower range of normal may have an increased risk of hyponatremia. Patients 65 years and older should have their serum sodium monitored before initiating the treatment, in the first week of treatment (4-8 days) and again at one month after treatment initiation (see section 4.2).

At a 50 microgram dose level females may have an increased risk of hyponatraemia compared with males (see Section 5.1). It is therefore important that the gender-specific recommendations for dose are adhered to.

Noqdirna should be discontinued if the serum sodium level falls below the lower limit of normal range.

Desmopressin should be used with caution in patients with conditions characterized by fluid and/or electrolyte imbalance.

Treatment with desmopressin should be interrupted and reassessed during acute intercurrent illnesses characterised by fluid and/or electrolyte imbalance (such as systemic infections, fever, and gastroenteritis).

Precautions to avoid hyponatremia including careful attention to fluid restriction and more frequent monitoring of serum sodium must be taken in case of concomitant treatment with drugs, which are known to induce SIADH, e.g. tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, chlorpromazine, diuretics and carbamazepine, and some antidiabetics of the sulfonylurea group, particularly chlorpropamide, and in case of concomitant treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Special caution should be exercised in patients taking thiazide or loop diuretics for hypertension or other medical conditions not associated with fluid overload. Sodium monitoring in these patients is warranted.

Severe bladder dysfunction and outlet obstruction should be considered before starting treatment.

Caution is required in cases of cystic fibrosis, coronary heart disease, hypertensions, chronic renal disease and pre-eclampsia.

A diagnosis of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus should be considered if there is no reduction in night-time urine output after commencement of desmopressin.

Special caution should be exercised in patients taking lithium in case of masking of early-stage lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus by administration of desmopressin for a nocturia indication. Desmopressin is not recommended in patients suspected of having lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

4.5. Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction

Pharmacodynamic interactions

Substances, which are known to induce SIADH, may cause an increased risk of water retention/hyponatremia (e.g. tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, chlorpromazine, diuretics and carbamazepine as well as some antidiabetics of the sulfonylurea group particularly chlorpropamide) (see section 4.4).

NSAIDs and oxytocin may potentiate the antidiuretic effect of desmopressin and may induce water retention/ hyponatremia (see section 4.4).

Lithium may diminish the antidiuretic effect.

Pharmacokinetic interactions

Concomitant treatment with loperamide may result in a 3-fold increase of desmopressin plasma concentrations following oral administration, which may lead to an increased risk of water retention/hyponatremia. Although not investigated, other drugs slowing intestinal transport might have the same effect.

A standardised 27% fat meal significantly decreased absorption (rate and extent) of desmopressin tablets. No significant effect was observed with respect to pharmacodynamics (urine production or osmolality).

Food intake may reduce the intensity and duration of the antidiuretic effect at low oral doses of desmopressin tablet.

4.6. Fertility, pregnancy and lactation

Pregnancy

Caution should be exercised when prescribing to pregnant women.

Data on a limited number (n = 53) of exposed pregnancies in women with diabetes insipidus as well as data on a limited number of exposed pregnancies in women with bleeding complications (n=216) indicate no adverse effects of desmopressin on pregnancy or on the health of the foetus/new-born child. To date, no other relevant epidemiological data are available. Animal studies do not indicate direct or indirect harmful effects with respect to pregnancy, embryonic/foetal development, parturition or postnatal development.

Animal reproduction studies have shown no clinically relevant effects on parents and offspring. In-vitro analysis of human cotyledon models have shown that there is no transplacental transport of desmopressin when administered at therapeutic concentration corresponding to recommended dose.

Breastfeeding

Results from analyses of milk from nursing mothers receiving high dose desmopressin acetate (300 microgram intranasal); indicate that the amounts of desmopressin that may be transferred to the child are considerably less than the amounts required to influence diuresis. Therefore it is not considered necessary to stop breastfeeding.

Fertility

Studies with desmopressin in animals have shown no impairment of fertility in male and female rats.

4.7. Effects on ability to drive and use machines

Noqdirna has no or negligible influence on the ability to drive and use machines.

4.8. Undesirable effects

Summary of the safety profile

Based on the frequency of adverse drug reactions reported in clinical studies with Noqdirna for nocturia indication conducted in male subjects (50 mcg; N=222) and in female subjects (25 mcg; N=219) the most commonly reported adverse reaction during treatment was dry mouth (13%), headache (3%), hyponatraemia (3%), and dizziness (2%).

Description of selected adverse reactions:

The most serious adverse reaction with desmopressin is hyponatraemia, which is associated with headache, nausea, vomiting, decreased serum sodium, weight increase, malaise, abdominal pain, muscle cramps, dizziness, confusion, decreased consciousness and in severe cases convulsions and coma. The hyponatraemia is an antidiuretic effect, arising from increased water re-absorption by the renal tubules and osmotic dilution of plasma. In studies with adult subjects treated for nocturia, the majority of the subjects developed low serum sodium within the first days of treatment or in relation to dose increase. Special attention should be paid to the precautions addressed in section 4.4.

Females have a higher risk of hyponatraemia which may be due to increased sensitivity of the kidney tubules to vasopressin and its analogues in women compared with men. The risk of this is minimised by recommendation of a lower dose in women. The risk of hyponatraemia in the over 65 years age group is further reduced by monitoring of serum sodium in this age group (see section 4.2 and 4.4).

Tabulated list of adverse reactions

The below table 1 shows the frequencies of adverse reactions reported. The frequencies are defined as follows: very common (≥1/10), common (≥1/100 to <1/10) and uncommon (≥1/1,000 to <1/100).

Table 1: Frequency of adverse drug reactions reported (Phase III studies and Post-marketing reports)

MedDRA System Organ Class

Very common

(≥ 1/10)

Common

(≥ 1/100 to < 1/10)

Uncommon

(≥ 1/1,000 to < 1/100)

Metabolism and nutrition disorders

Hyponatraemia

Nervous system disorders

Headache

Dizziness

Gastrointestinal disorders

Dry mouth*

Nausea

Diarrhoea

Constipation

Abdominal discomfort

General disorders and administration site conditions

Fatigue

Oedema peripheral

*It is to be noted that subjects were specifically queried about dry mouth in some of the clinical studies.

Reporting of suspected adverse reactions

Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme, website: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard.

4.9. Overdose

Symptoms:

Overdose of Noqdirna leads to a prolonged duration of action with an increased risk of water retention and hyponatremia.

Treatment:

Although the treatment of hyponatraemia should be individualised, the following general recommendations can be given. Hyponatraemia is treated by discontinuing the desmopressin treatment, fluid restriction and symptomatic treatment if needed.