Patient leaflets and SmPCs, drug interaction checker, official dosages and NHS pharmacy opening hours — all in one place.
Patient leaflets and SmPCs, drug interaction checker, official dosages and NHS pharmacy opening hours — all in one place.
The electronic medicines compendium (emc) no longer publishes a Summary of Product Characteristics for this product, which usually means it is no longer marketed in the UK. The patient leaflet below is kept for reference, but the product may not be available.
If you were prescribed this medicine, other products containing Methotrexate may still be available. Do not stop your treatment — ask your pharmacist or GP what to use instead.
for
Metoject PEN is indicated for the treatment of • active rheumatoid arthritis in adult patients. polyarthritic forms of severe, active juvenile idiopathic arthritis, when the response to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been inadequate. • moderate to severe psoriasis in adult patients, and severe psoriatic arthritis in adults. • mild to moderate Crohn's disease in adult patients when adequate treatment with other medicines is not possible. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic collagen disease, characterised by inflammation of the synovial membranes (joint membranes). These membranes produce a fluid which acts as a lubricant for many joints. The inflammation causes thickening of the membrane and swelling of the joint. Juvenile arthritis concerns children and adolescents less than 16 years. Polyarthritic forms are indicated if 5 or more joints are affected within the first 6 months of the disease. Psoriasis is a common chronic skin disease, characterised by red patches covered by thick, dry, silvery, adherent scales. Psoriatic arthritis is a kind of arthritis with psoriatic lesions of the skin and nails, especially at the joints of fingers and toes. Metoject PEN modifies and slows down the progression of the disease. pal (GB) Metoject PEN solution for injection in pre-filled pen National version: 08/2024
Crohn's disease is a type of inflammatory bowel disease that may affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract causing symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhoea, vomiting or weight loss.
2.
e Metoject PEN
Do not use Metoject PEN • if you are allergic to methotrexate or any of the other ingredients of this medicine (listed in section 6). • if you suffer from liver or severe kidney diseases or blood diseases. • if you regularly drink large amounts of alcohol. • if you suffer from a severe infection, such as tuberculosis, HIV or other immunodeficiency syndromes. • if you suffer from mouth ulcers, stomach ulcer or intestinal ulcer. • if you are pregnant or breast-feeding (see section "Pregnancy, breast-feeding and fertility"). • if you receive vaccinations with live vaccines at the same time. Warnings and precautions Talk to your doctor or pharmacist before taking Metoject PEN if • you are elderly or if you feel generally unwell and weak. • you have problems with the way your liver works. • you suffer from dehydration (water loss). • you have diabetes mellitus and are being treated with insulin. Special precautionary measures for treatment with Metoject PEN Methotrexate temporarily affects sperm and egg production, which is reversible in most cases. Methotrexate can cause miscarriage and severe birth defects. You must avoid becoming pregnant when using methotrexate and for at least 6 months after treatment has stopped if you are a woman. If you are a man you should avoid fathering a child if you are being given methotrexate at the time and for at least 3 months after the end of your treatment. See also section "Pregnancy, breast-feeding and fertility". Recommended follow-up examinations and precautions Even if methotrexate is used in low doses, serious side effects can occur. In order to detect them in time, your doctor must perform monitoring examinations and laboratory tests. Prior to the start of therapy Before you start treatment, your blood will be checked to see if you have enough blood cells. Your blood will also be tested to check your liver function and to find out if you have hepatitis. Furthermore, serum albumin (a protein in the blood), hepatitis (liver infection) status and kidney function will be checked. The doctor may also decide to run other liver tests, some of these may be images of your liver and others may need a small sample of tissue taken from the liver in order to examine it more closely. Your doctor may also check to see if you have tuberculosis and they may X-ray your chest or perform a lung function test. During the treatment Your doctor may perform the following examinations: • • • • • •
Examination of the oral cavity and the pharynx for changes in the mucous membrane such as inflammation or ulceration. Blood tests/blood count with number of blood cells and measurement of serum methotrexate levels. Blood test to monitor liver function. Imaging tests to monitor liver condition. Small sample of tissue taken from the liver in order to examine it more closely. Blood test to monitor kidney function.
pal (GB) Metoject PEN solution for injection in pre-filled pen National version: 08/2024
•
Respiratory tract monitoring and, if necessary, lung function test.
It is very important that you appear for these scheduled examinations. If the results of any of these tests are conspicuous, your doctor will adjust your treatment accordingly. Elderly patients Elderly patients under treatment with methotrexate should be monitored closely by a physician so that possible side effects can be detected as early as possible. Age-related impairment of liver and kidney function as well as low body reserves of the vitamin folic acid in old age require a relatively low dosage of methotrexate. Other precautions Acute bleeding from the lungs in patients with underlying rheumatologic disease has been reported with methotrexate. If you experience symptoms of spitting or coughing up blood you should contact your doctor immediately. Methotrexate may affect your immune system and vaccination results. It may also affect the result of immunological tests. Inactive, chronic infections (such as herpes zoster [shingles], tuberculosis, hepatitis B or C) may flare up. During therapy with Metoject PEN you must not be vaccinated with live vaccines. Methotrexate may make your skin more sensitive to sunlight. Avoid intense sun and do not use sunbeds or a sun-lamp without medical advice. To protect your skin from intense sun, wear adequate clothing or use a sunscreen with a high protection factor. Radiation-induced dermatitis and sunburn can reappear under methotrexate therapy (recall-reaction). Psoriatic lesions can exacerbate during UV-irradiation and simultaneous administration of methotrexate. Enlarged lymph nodes (lymphoma) may occur and if this is the case, therapy must be stopped. Diarrhoea can be a possible side effect of Metoject PEN and requires an interruption of therapy. If you suffer from diarrhoea, please speak to your doctor. Certain brain disorders (encephalopathy/leukoencephalopathy) have been reported in cancer patients receiving methotrexate. Such side effects cannot be excluded when methotrexate is used to treat other diseases. If you, your partner or your caregiver notice new onset or worsening of neurological symptoms including general muscle weakness, disturbance of vision, changes in thinking, memory and orientation leading to confusion and personality changes contact your doctor immediately because these may be symptoms of a very rare, serious brain infection called progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Other medicines and Metoject PEN Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking, have recently taken or might take any other medicines. Please note that this also applies to medicines that you will take in the future. The effect of the treatment may be affected if Metoject PEN is administered at the same time as certain other medicines: • •
Antibiotics such as: tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, non-absorbable broad-spectrum antibiotics, penicillins, glycopeptides, sulphonamides, ciprofloxacin and cefalotin (medicines to prevent/fight certain infections). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or salicylates (medicines against pain and/or inflammation such as acetylsalicylic acid, diclofenac and ibuprofen or pyrazole).
pal (GB) Metoject PEN solution for injection in pre-filled pen National version: 08/2024
• • • • • • • • • • •
Metamizole (synonyms novaminsulfon and dipyrone) (medicine against severe pain and/or fever). Probenecid (medicine against gout). Weak organic acids like loop diuretics ("water tablets"). Medicines, which may have adverse effects on the bone marrow, such as trimethoprimsulphamethoxazole (an antibiotic) and pyrimethamine. Other medicines used to treat rheumatoid arthritis such as leflunomide, sulphasalazine and azathioprine. Cyclosporine (for suppressing the immune system). Mercaptopurine (a cytostatic medicine). Retinoids (medicine against psoriasis and other dermatological diseases). Theophylline (medicine against bronchial asthma and other lung diseases). Some medicines against stomach trouble such as omeprazole and pantoprazole. Hypoglycaemics (medicines that are used to lower the blood sugar).
Vitamins containing folic acid may impair the effect of your treatment and should only be taken when advised by your doctor. Vaccination with live vaccine must be avoided. Metoject PEN with food, drink and alcohol Alcohol as well as large amounts of coffee, caffeine-containing soft drinks and black tea should be avoided during treatment with Metoject PEN. Pregnancy, breast-feeding and fertility Pregnancy Do not use Metoject PEN during pregnancy or if you are trying to become pregnant. Methotrexate can cause birth defects, harm the unborn child or cause miscarriage. It is associated with malformations of the skull, face, heart and blood vessels, brain and limbs. Therefore, it is very important that methotrexate is not given to pregnant patients or patients planning to become pregnant. In women of child-bearing age, any possibility of pregnancy must be excluded with appropriate measures, e.g. pregnancy test before starting treatment. You must avoid becoming pregnant while taking methotrexate and for at least 6 months after treatment is stopped by using reliable contraception throughout this time (see also section "Warnings and precautions"). If you do become pregnant during treatment or suspect you might be pregnant, speak to your doctor as soon as possible. You should be offered advice regarding the risk of harmful effects on the child through treatment. If you wish to become pregnant you should consult your doctor, who may refer you for specialist advice before the planned start of treatment. Breast-feeding Stop breast-feeding prior to and during treatment with Metoject PEN. Male fertility The available evidence does not indicate an increased risk of malformations or miscarriage if the father takes methotrexate less than 30 mg/week. However, a risk cannot be completely excluded. Methotrexate may be genotoxic. This means that the medicine may cause genetic mutation. Methotrexate can affect sperm production with the potential to cause birth defects. Therefore, you should avoid fathering a child or to donate semen while taking methotrexate and for at least 3 months after treatment is stopped.
pal (GB) Metoject PEN solution for injection in pre-filled pen National version: 08/2024
Driving and using machines Treatment with Metoject PEN may cause adverse reactions affecting the central nervous system, such as tiredness and dizziness. Thus, the ability to drive a vehicle and/or to operate machines may, in certain cases, be compromised. If you feel tired or drowsy do not drive or use machines. Metoject PEN contains sodium This medicine contains less than 1 mmol sodium (23 mg) per dose; that is to say essentially "sodiumfree".
3.
Metoject PEN
Important warning about the dose of Metoject PEN (methotrexate): Use Metoject PEN only once a week for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, and Crohn's disease. Using too much of Metoject PEN (methotrexate) may be fatal. Please read section 3 of this leaflet very carefully. If you have any questions, please talk to your doctor or pharmacist before you take this medicine. Always use this medicine exactly as your doctor has told you. Check with your doctor or pharmacist if you are not sure. Your doctor decides on the dose, which is adjusted individually to you. Usually it takes 4-8 weeks before there is any effect of the treatment. Metoject PEN is administered subcutaneously (under the skin) by or under the supervision of a physician or healthcare staff as an injection once a week only. Together with your doctor you decide on a suitable weekday each week on which you receive your injection. Use in children and adolescents The doctor decides on the appropriate dose in children and adolescents with polyarthritic forms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Metoject PEN is not recommended in children less than 3 years of age due to insufficient experience in this age group. Method and duration of administration Metoject PEN is injected once weekly! The duration of the treatment is determined by the treating physician. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, psoriasis vulgaris, psoriatic arthritis and Crohn's disease with Metoject PEN is a long-term treatment. At the start of your treatment, Metoject PEN may be injected by medical staff. However, your doctor may decide that you can learn how to inject Metoject PEN yourself. You will receive appropriate training for you to do this. Under no circumstances should you attempt to inject yourself, unless you have been trained to do so. Read the Instructions for Use at the end of this leaflet to find guidance on how to correctly use Metoject PEN. Please note that all of the contents have to be used. The manner of handling and throwing away of the medicine and pre-filled pen must be in accordance with local requirements. Pregnant healthcare personnel should not handle and/or administer Metoject PEN. Methotrexate should not come into contact with the surface of the skin or mucosa. In the event of contamination, the affected area must be rinsed immediately with plenty of water. pal (GB) Metoject PEN solution for injection in pre-filled pen National version: 08/2024
If you use more Metoject PEN than you should If you use more Metoject PEN than you should, talk to your doctor immediately. If you forget to use Metoject PEN Do not take a double dose to make up for a forgotten dose. If you stop using Metoject PEN If you stop using Metoject PEN, talk to your doctor immediately. If you have the impression that the effect of Metoject PEN is too strong or too weak, talk to your doctor or pharmacist.
4.
Like all medicines, this medicine can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them. The frequency as well as the degree of severity of the side effects depends on the dosage level and the frequency of administration. As severe side effects may occur even at low dosage, it is important that you are monitored regularly by your doctor. Your doctor will do tests to check for abnormalities developing in the blood (such as low white blood cells, low platelets, lymphoma) and changes in the kidneys and the liver. Tell your doctor immediately if you experience any of the following symptoms, as these may indicate a serious, potentially life-threatening side effect, which require urgent specific treatment:
persistent dry, non-productive cough, shortness of breath and fever; these may be signs of an inflammation of the lungs [common] spitting or coughing blood; these might be signs of bleeding from the lungs [not known] symptoms of liver damage such as yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes; methotrexate can cause chronic liver damage (liver cirrhosis), formation of scar tissue in the liver (liver fibrosis), fatty degeneration of the liver [all uncommon], inflammation of the liver (acute hepatitis) [rare] and liver failure [very rare] allergy symptoms such as skin rash including red itchy skin, swelling of the hands, feet, ankles, face, lips, mouth or throat (which may cause difficulty in swallowing or breathing) and feeling you are going to faint; these may be signs of severe allergic reactions or an anaphylactic shock [rare] symptoms of kidney damage such as swelling of the hands, ankles or feet or changes in frequency of urination or decrease (oliguria) or absence of urine (anuria); these may be signs of kidney failure [rare] symptoms of infections, e.g. fever, chills, achiness, sore throat; methotrexate can make you more susceptible to infections. Severe infections like a certain type of pneumonia (Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia) or blood poisoning (sepsis) may occur [rare] symptoms such as weakness of one side of the body (stroke) or pain, swelling, redness and unusual warmth in one of your legs (deep vein thrombosis); This may happen when a dislodged blood clot causes a blockage of a blood vessel (thromboembolic event) [rare] fever and serious deterioration of your general condition, or sudden fever accompanied by a sore throat or mouth, or urinary problems; methotrexate can cause a sharp fall in certain white blood cells (agranulocytosis) and severe bone marrow suppression [very rare] unexpected bleeding, e.g. bleeding gums, blood in the urine, vomiting blood or bruising, these can be signs of a severely reduced number of blood platelets caused by severe courses of bone marrow depression [very rare] symptoms such as severe headache often in combination with fever, neck stiffness, feeling sick, vomiting, disorientation and sensitivity to light may indicate an inflammation of the membranes of the brain (acute aseptic meningitis) [very rare]
pal (GB) Metoject PEN solution for injection in pre-filled pen National version: 08/2024
certain brain disorders (encephalopathy/leukoencephalopathy) have been reported in cancer patients receiving methotrexate. Such side effects cannot be excluded when methotrexate therapy is used to treat other diseases. Signs of this kind of brain disorders may be altered mental state, movement disorders (ataxia), visual disturbances or disturbances of memory [not known] severe skin rash or blistering of the skin (this can also affect your mouth, eyes and genitals); these may be signs of conditions called Stevens Johnson syndrome or burned skin syndrome (toxic epidermal necrolysis/Lyell's syndrome) [very rare]
In the following, please find the other side effects that may occur: Very common: may affect more than 1 in 10 people • Inflammation of the mouth lining, indigestion, feeling sick, loss of appetite, abdominal pain. • Abnormal liver function test (ASAT, ALAT, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase). Common: may affect up to 1 in 10 people • Mouth ulcers, diarrhoea. • Rash, reddening of the skin, itching. • Headache, tiredness, drowsiness. • Reduced blood cell formation with decrease in white and/or red blood cells and/or platelets. Uncommon: may affect up to 1 in 100 people • Throat inflammation. • Inflammation of the bowels, vomiting, inflammation of pancreas, black or tarry stools, gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. • Sunburn-like reactions due to increased sensitivity of the skin to sunlight, loss of hair, increased number of rheumatic nodules, skin ulcer, shingles, inflammation of blood vessels, herpes-like skin rash, hives. • Onset of diabetes mellitus. • Dizziness, confusion, depression. • Decrease in serum albumin. • Decrease in the number of all blood cells and platelets. • Inflammation and ulcer of the urinary bladder or vagina, reduced kidney function, disturbed urination. • Joint pain, muscle pain, reduction of bone mass. Rare: may affect up to 1 in 1,000 people • Inflammation of gum tissue. • Increased skin pigmentation, acne, blue spots on the skin due to vessel bleeding (ecchymosis, petechiae), allergic inflammation of blood vessels. • Decreased number of anti-bodies in the blood. • Infection (incl. reactivation of inactive chronic infection), red eyes (conjunctivitis). • Mood swings (mood alterations). • Visual disturbances. • Inflammation of the sac around the heart, accumulation of fluid in the sac around the heart, obstruction of cardiac filling due to fluid in the sac around the heart. • Low blood pressure. • Formation of scar tissue in the lung (pulmonary fibrosis), shortness of breath and bronchial asthma, accumulation of fluid in the sac around the lung. • Stress fracture. • Electrolyte disturbances. • Fever, wound-healing impairment. Very rare: may affect up to 1 in 10,000 people • Acute toxic dilatation of the gut (toxic megacolon). • Increased pigmentation of the nails, inflammation of the cuticles (acute paronychia), deep infection of hair follicles (furunculosis), visible enlargement of small blood vessels. pal (GB) Metoject PEN solution for injection in pre-filled pen National version: 08/2024
• • • • •
Pain, loss of strength or sensation of numbness or tingling/having less sensitivity to stimulation than normal, changes in taste (metallic taste), convulsions, paralysis, meningism. Impaired vision, non-inflammatory eye disorder (retinopathy). Loss of sexual drive, impotence, male breast enlargement, defective sperm formation (oligospermia), menstrual disorder, vaginal discharge. Enlargement of lymphatic nodes (lymphoma). Lymphoproliferative disorders (excessive growth of white blood cells).
Not known: frequency cannot be estimated from the available data • Increased number of certain white blood cells. • Nosebleed. • Proteins in urine. • Feeling of weakness. • Bone damage in the jaw (secondary to excessive growth of white blood cells). • Tissue destruction at injection site. Redness and shedding of skin. Swelling. Subcutaneous application of methotrexate is locally well tolerated. Only mild local skin reactions (such as burning sensations, erythema, swelling, discolouration, severe itching, pain) were observed, decreasing during therapy. Reporting of side effects If you get any side effects, talk to your doctor, pharmacist or nurse. This includes any possible side effects not listed in this leaflet. You can also report side effects directly via the Yellow Card Scheme at: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store. By reporting side effects you can help provide more information on the safety of this medicine.
5.
How to store Metoject PEN
Keep this medicine out of the sight and reach of children. Store below 25 °C. Do not freeze. Keep the pre-filled pens in the outer carton in order to protect from light. Do not use this medicine after the expiry date stated on the carton and pre-filled pen after EXP. The expiry date refers to the last day of that month. Do not throw away any medicines via wastewater or household waste. Ask your pharmacist how to throw away medicines you no longer use. These measures will help protect the environment.
6.
your Metoject PEN pre-filled pen •
Store below 25 °C.
•
Transport and keep the pen in the outer carton in order to protect it from light.
•
Keep the pen in a secure location out of the sight and reach of children.
Do not freeze. Do not store above 25 °C.
The Metoject PEN pre-filled pen (Figure A) The Metoject PEN pre-filled pen is a two-step, fixed-dose, single-use disposable auto-injector. It is available in 10 different doses ranging from 7.5 mg to 30 mg.
Before use
After use
Protective cap (translucent)
Blue needle cover (locks after injection, needle inside)
Inspection window (yellow medicine inside)
Protective cap (needle shield inside)
Plunger (position differs based on prescribed dose)
Blue plunger rod (indicates complete injection) Product label (to check dose and expiry date)
7.5 mg 15 mg 30 mg (exemplary doses) Colour code area (individual for each dose) Figure A
pal (GB) Metoject PEN solution for injection in pre-filled pen National version: 08/2024
Supplies needed for your injection (Figure B) At your weekly injection day find a comfortable place, ensure the area is well lit and you have a clean flat surface, such as a table to place your injection supplies. You need: •
your Metoject PEN pre-filled pen.
Make sure you have the following additional supplies available to perform your injection as they are not included in the package: •
your calendar to check your once weekly injection day,
•
skin cleansing like alcohol disinfection, if not available water and soap,
•
cotton ball or gauze to treat your injection site,
•
container for disposal in accordance with local requirements.
Calendar showing weekly injection day
Metoject PEN pre-filled pen
Skin cleansing
Figure B
pal (GB) Metoject PEN solution for injection in pre-filled pen National version: 08/2024
Cotton ball or gauze
Container for disposal
Prepare for your injection 1. Wash your hands and unpack your pen (Figure C) •
Wash your hands with soap and water.
•
Carefully take the pen out of the carton.
Do not remove the protective cap until you are ready to inject.
Figure C 2. Check your pen before use (Figure D) Carefully check the name and dose on the pen and verify that you have the correct medication. If you are not able to see well enough, ask someone for assistance. •
Check the expiry date on the label of the pen.
•
Do not use the pen if it has expired.
•
Check the medicine through the inspection window by turning it upside down or gently shaking it. The medicine inside the pen should look clear and yellow.
•
Do not inject if the solution looks cloudy or discoloured or contains particles.
It is normal to see one or more air bubbles. Do not try to remove them.
You may see a scale in the window; you do not need to consider that.
Check that the pen is not damaged and that the cap is firmly on. Do not use the pen if it looks damaged or if the cap has been removed or is not firmly attached.
If the pen is expired, appears damaged, or does not look as expected, do not use it and contact your healthcare provider. Carefully place the pen on a clean flat surface, such as a table before performing the next steps. pal (GB) Metoject PEN solution for injection in pre-filled pen National version: 08/2024
Figure D
3. Choose your injection site (Figure E) •
You can inject yourself into your:
upper thighs,
lower part of the abdomen except within 5 cm around the belly button.
•
If a caregiver administers the injection for you, the person may also use the area at the back of the upper arm.
•
Use a different site than for your last injection.
When selecting an injection site: Do not inject into other parts of the body. Do not inject into skin that is bruised, tender, scaly, red or hard. Do not inject into moles, scars or stretch marks. Do not inject through clothing. Caregiver site only
Caregiver site only
Figure E
4. Clean your injection site (Figure F) •
Clean your injection site with alcohol disinfection; if not available you may use water and soap.
•
Allow the skin to air dry.
Do not fan or blow on the clean area. Do not touch your injection site again until you have finished your injection. Figure F
Inject your dose pal (GB) Metoject PEN solution for injection in pre-filled pen National version: 08/2024
5. Remove the cap (Figure G) Only remove the protective cap when you are ready to inject. Do not try to put the cap back on the pen once it is removed. •
Hold the pen with the cap pointing upwards and firmly pull the cap straight off. Do not bend or twist the cap while pulling off.
•
Dispose of the cap right away.
•
You may notice small droplets of the medicine. This is normal.
•
Perform your injection immediately after removing the cap.
Figure G
Do not touch the blue needle cover with your fingers. Touching the blue needle cover may accidentally trigger the injection and cause injury.
6. Position your pen (Figure H) •
Position the uncapped blue needle cover at a 90 degree angle against the skin with the inspection window facing towards you so you can see it.
•
You may feel more comfortable when grabbing a skin pinch by gently squeezing the area around the injection site with your thumb and forefingers before injecting, but this is not necessary for this pen.
Figure H
pal (GB) Metoject PEN solution for injection in pre-filled pen National version: 08/2024
7. Start your injection (Figure I) •
To start your injection, push the pen down all the way. This will slide the blue needle cover up into the pen and the injection will start automatically.
•
A first "click" hereby indicates the start of the injection. The blue plunger rod will move down.
•
Keep holding the pen against the skin until all of the medicine is injected.
Do not change the position of the pen once the injection has started.
Figure I
8. Hold the pen in place to complete your injection (Figure J) •
Continue holding the pen down against your skin.
•
Your injection is complete when either: you hear a second "click", shortly after the first or: the blue plunger rod has stopped moving and fills the inspection window or: 5 seconds have passed. Figure J
Do not remove the pen until at least 5 seconds have passed. 9. Finishing your injection (Figure K) •
Remove the pen by pulling it straight up from the injection site.
•
The blue needle cover automatically moves into place over the needle. The blue needle cover is then locked.
•
Check the inspection window for any leftover yellow medicine inside.
If you still see yellow medicine inside the window you may not have received the full dose. If this happens or if you have any other concerns, contact your healthcare provider. Do not touch the blue needle cover after injection. This may cause injury.
pal (GB) Metoject PEN solution for injection in pre-filled pen National version: 08/2024
Figure K
After your injection 10. Treat your injection site (Figure L) •
You may notice a small drop of blood at the injection site. This is normal. Press a cotton ball or gauze on the area, if necessary.
•
If needed, cover the injection site with a small bandage.
Do not rub your injection site. Figure L 11. Dispose of your pen (Figure M) Each pen can only be used once. Do not recap the pen.
Keep your used pen and protective cap out of the sight and reach of children. •
Dispose of the cap and your pen right away after use. The manner of throwing away the medicine and the pre-filled pen must be in accordance with local requirements.
•
Throw away the used supplies in your household trash. The paper carton can be recycled.
Safely dispose of Metoject PEN pre-filled pens that are expired, no longer needed, or otherwise unusable.
pal (GB) Metoject PEN solution for injection in pre-filled pen National version: 08/2024
Figure M
What Metoject PEN contains • The active substance is methotrexate. 1 pre-filled pen with 0.15 ml solution contains 7.5 mg methotrexate. 1 pre-filled pen with 0.2 ml solution contains 10 mg methotrexate. 1 pre-filled pen with 0.25 ml solution contains 12.5 mg methotrexate. 1 pre-filled pen with 0.3 ml solution contains 15 mg methotrexate. 1 pre-filled pen with 0.35 ml solution contains 17.5 mg methotrexate. 1 pre-filled pen with 0.4 ml solution contains 20 mg methotrexate. 1 pre-filled pen with 0.45 ml solution contains 22.5 mg methotrexate. 1 pre-filled pen with 0.5 ml solution contains 25 mg methotrexate. 1 pre-filled pen with 0.55 ml solution contains 27.5 mg methotrexate. pal (GB) Metoject PEN solution for injection in pre-filled pen National version: 08/2024
•
1 pre-filled pen with 0.6 ml solution contains 30 mg methotrexate. The other ingredients are sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid for pH adjustment and water for injections.
What Metoject PEN looks like and contents of the pack This medicinal product is presented as a solution for injection in pre-filled pen. The solution is clear, yellow-brown. <For packs containing BD pens only> Metoject PEN pre-filled pen is a three-step auto-injector that has a yellow cap and a yellow injection button. <For packs containing YpsoMate pens only> Metoject PEN pre-filled pen is a two-step auto-injector with a translucent protective cap and a blue needle cover. The following pack sizes are available: Metoject PEN is available in packs of 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, and 24 pre-filled pens. Not all pack sizes may be marketed. Marketing Authorisation Holder and Manufacturer medac Gesellschaft für klinische Spezialpräparate mbH Theaterstr. 6 22880 Wedel Germany Tel.: +49 4103 8006-0 Fax: +49 4103 8006-100 This medicine is authorised in the Member States of the European Economic Area and in the United Kingdom (Northern Ireland) under the following names: Austria, Czech Republic, Finland, Greece, Hungary, Netherlands, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, United Kingdom (Northern Ireland): Metoject PEN Iceland, Sweden: Metojectpen Germany: metex PEN Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway: Metex Poland, Portugal: Metex PEN Denmark: Metex Pen Belgium: Metoject pal (GB) Metoject PEN solution for injection in pre-filled pen National version: 08/2024
This leaflet was last revised in 08/2024.
pal (GB) Metoject PEN solution for injection in pre-filled pen National version: 08/2024
<For packs containing BD pens only> Instructions for Use Recommendations Carefully read the instructions below before starting your injection. Always use the injection technique advised by your doctor, pharmacist or nurse. Additional information The manner of handling and throwing away of the medicine and pre-filled pen must be in accordance with local requirements. Pregnant healthcare personnel should not handle and/or administer Metoject PEN. Methotrexate should not come into contact with the surface of the skin or mucosa. In the event of contamination, the affected area must be rinsed immediately with plenty of water. Metoject PEN pre-filled pen components:
Injection button
Handling area
Transparent control zone Cap
a) With cap before injection b) After cap removal before injection c) After injection
What you need to do before administering your injection 1. Wash your hands very carefully. 2. Remove the system from its packaging. 3. Check the Metoject PEN pre-filled pen before using it:
pal (GB) Metoject PEN solution for injection in pre-filled pen National version: 08/2024
If the Metoject PEN pre-filled pen appears to be damaged do not use it. Use another one and contact your doctor, pharmacist or nurse. In case a small air bubble is visible through the transparent control zone, this will not affect your dose nor will it harm you. If you are not able to see or to check the system correctly prior to injection, ask someone around you for assistance. 4. Set the Metoject PEN pre-filled pen on a clean flat surface (such as a table). Where you should administer the injection The most appropriate zones for your injection are:
If someone around you administers the injection for you, the person may also use the top of the zone at the back of the arm, just below the shoulder. Change the injection area with each injection. This will minimise any reactions at the injection site. Never inject into areas where the skin is tender, bruised, red or hard or where you have scars or stretch marks. If you have psoriasis, you should not try to inject directly into any raised, thick, red or scaly skin patches or lesions.
How to prepare the injection 5. Choose an injection site and clean the area of and around the chosen injection site.
Do not remove the cap before you are ready to administer the injection. 6. Hold the pen with one hand in the handling area with the cap pointing upwards. Use your other hand to gently pull the cap straight off (do not bend or twist the cap). The cap has a small needle shield that should come off with the cap automatically. If the needle shield does not come off, use another pen and contact your doctor, pharmacist or nurse. If you are unable to remove the cap, ask someone around you for assistance. Note: Once you have removed the cap, perform your injection without delay. pal (GB) Metoject PEN solution for injection in pre-filled pen National version: 08/2024
7. With your free hand, build a skin fold by gently squeezing the area of the cleaned skin at the injection site. The fold must be held pinched until the Metoject PEN pre-filled pen is removed from the skin after the injection.
8. Position the uncapped transparent end of Metoject PEN pre-filled pen perpendicular to the fold of skin. 9. Without pressing the button, push the Metoject PEN pre-filled pen firmly onto your skin in order to unlock the button. If you are unable to push the Metoject PEN pre-filled pen to the stop-point, ask someone around you for assistance.
How to administer the injection: 10. While holding the Metoject PEN pre-filled pen firmly against the skin, now press the button with your thumb. 11. You will hear a click which indicates the start of the injection. Keep holding the pen against the raised skin until all of the medicine is injected. This can take up to 5 seconds.
Note: Do not remove the Metoject PEN pre-filled pen from the skin before the end of the injection to avoid incomplete injection. If the injection is not triggered, release the button, make sure that the Metoject PEN pre-filled pen is pressed firmly against the skin and push hard on the button. If you have troubles with your hearing, count 5 seconds from the moment you have pressed the button and then lift the Metoject PEN pre-filled pen from the injection site. 12. Remove the Metoject PEN pre-filled pen from the injection site, perpendicular to the skin (pull up). 13. The protective shield automatically moves into place over the needle. The protective shield is then locked and the needle is protected. 14. In case of a slight bleeding use a plaster. Before throwing away the Metoject PEN pre-filled pen, check visually that there is no liquid left in the pen, at the bottom of the transparent control zone. If there is liquid pal (GB) Metoject PEN solution for injection in pre-filled pen National version: 08/2024
left in the pen, not all of the medicine has been injected correctly and you should consult your doctor.
Note To avoid any injury, never insert your fingers in the opening of the protective tube covering the needle. Do not destroy the pen. Whom should you contact in case of need For any problem or question, contact your doctor, pharmacist or nurse. If you or someone around you is injured by the needle, consult your doctor immediately and throw away the Metoject PEN pre-filled pen.
pal (GB) Metoject PEN solution for injection in pre-filled pen National version: 08/2024
<For packs containing YpsoMate pens only>
INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE These Instructions for Use contain information on how to inject your Metoject PEN pre-filled pen. Read these Instructions for Use until the end before using the pre-filled pen for your subcutaneous injection. Read these Instructions for Use each time you receive a new prescription and keep them for information you may need after the use. When receiving a new medicine or a new dose of medicine always check that it matches what your doctor has prescribed you. Before using the pen, your healthcare provider should show you or your caregiver how to use it correctly. Do not use the pen unless you have been taught how to use it by your healthcare provider. If you or your caregiver have any questions, contact your healthcare provider.
Important Information You Need to Know Before Injecting With Your Metoject PEN Pre-filled Pen Inject with your Metoject PEN pre-filled pen once a week only, and always inject on the same day of the week. Do not inject or handle the product if you are pregnant. •
Keep the pen in a secure location out of the sight and reach of children.
•
If you have any contact with the medicine, wash the affected area with plenty of water right away.
Do not remove the protective cap until just before your injection. Do not share your pen with another person. Do not use the pen if: •
it has dropped onto a hard surface or appears damaged.
•
the clear yellow solution got discoloured, looks cloudy or contains particles.
•
it has been frozen or stored above 25 °C.
•
the expiry date has passed.
If you are unsure, contact your healthcare provider.
pal (GB) Metoject PEN solution for injection in pre-filled pen National version: 08/2024
Metoject PEN 27.5 mg solution for injection in pre-filled pen comes as injection containing 27.5mg. Always follow the dose your doctor or pharmacist has given you, and read the leaflet that comes with the medicine.
The active substance in Metoject PEN 27.5 mg solution for injection in pre-filled pen is methotrexate.
This leaflet reproduces the patient information leaflet approved for Metoject PEN 27.5 mg solution for injection in pre-filled pen, as published on the electronic medicines compendium (emc). The version printed inside your medicine’s packaging is the one that applies to you.
Whether a medicine is available over the counter or on prescription only depends on its licence. Check the leaflet, or ask your pharmacist — they can tell you straight away.
The text above reproduces the patient information leaflet approved for this medicine, restructured for easier reading.
Metoject PEN is indicated for the treatment of
● active rheumatoid arthritis in adult patients,
● polyarthritic forms of severe, active juvenile idiopathic arthritis, when the response to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been inadequate,
● moderate to severe psoriasis in adult patients who are candidates for systemic therapy, and severe psoriatic arthritis in adults,
● mild to moderate Crohn's disease either alone or in combination with corticosteroids in adult patients refractory or intolerant to thiopurines.
Important warning about the dosage of Metoject PEN (methotrexate)
In the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, and Crohn's disease, Metoject PEN (methotrexate) must only be used once a week. Dosage errors in the use of Metoject PEN (methotrexate) can result in serious adverse reactions, including death. Please read this section of the summary of product characteristics very carefully.
Methotrexate should only be prescribed by physicians with expertise in the use of methotrexate and a full understanding of the risks of methotrexate therapy. Patients must be educated and trained in the proper injection technique when self-administering methotrexate. The first injection of Metoject PEN should be performed under direct medical supervision. Metoject PEN is injected once weekly.
The patient must be explicitly informed about the fact that Metoject PEN is administered once a week only. It is advisable to determine an appropriate fixed day of the week for the injection.
Methotrexate elimination is reduced in patients with a third distribution space (ascites, pleural effusions). Such patients require especially careful monitoring for toxicity, and require dose reduction or, in some cases, discontinuation of methotrexate administration (see section 5.2 and 4.4).
Posology
Posology in adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis
The recommended initial dose is 7.5 mg of methotrexate once weekly, administered subcutaneously. Depending on the individual activity of the disease and tolerability by the patient, the initial dose may be increased gradually by 2.5 mg per week. A weekly dose of 25 mg should in general not be exceeded. Doses exceeding 20 mg/week are associated with significant increase in toxicity, especially bone marrow suppression. Response to treatment can be expected after approximately 4-8 weeks. Upon achieving the therapeutically desired result, the dose should be reduced gradually to the lowest possible effective maintenance dose.
Paediatric population
Posology in children and adolescents below 16 years with polyarthritic forms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis
The recommended dose is 10-15 mg/m2 body surface area (BSA)/once weekly. In therapy-refractory cases the weekly dose may be increased up to 20 mg/m2 body surface area/once weekly. However, an increased monitoring frequency is indicated if the dose is increased.
Due to limited data availability about intravenous use in children and adolescents, parenteral administration is limited to subcutaneous injection.
Patients with JIA should always be referred to a rheumatology specialist in the treatment of children/adolescents.
Use in children <3 years of age is not recommended as insufficient data on efficacy and safety is available for this population (see section 4.4).
Posology in patients with psoriasis vulgaris and psoriatic arthritis
It is recommended that a test dose of 5-10 mg should be administered parenterally, one week prior to therapy to detect idiosyncratic adverse reactions. The recommended initial dose is 7.5 mg of methotrexate once weekly, administered subcutaneously. The dose is to be increased gradually but should not, in general, exceed a weekly dose of 25 mg of methotrexate. Doses exceeding 20 mg per week can be associated with significant increase in toxicity, especially bone marrow suppression. Response to treatment can generally be expected after approximately 2-6 weeks. Upon achieving the therapeutically desired result, the dose should be reduced gradually to the lowest possible effective maintenance dose.
Maximum weekly dose
The dose should be increased as necessary but should in general not exceed the maximum recommended weekly dose of 25 mg. In a few exceptional cases a higher dose might be clinically justified, but should not exceed a maximum weekly dose of 30 mg of methotrexate as toxicity will markedly increase.
Posology in patients with Crohn's disease
• Induction treatment:
25 mg/week administered subcutaneously.
Response to treatment can be expected after approximately 8 to 12 weeks.
• Maintenance treatment:
15 mg/week administered subcutaneously.
There is not sufficient experience in the paediatric population to recommend Metoject PEN for the treatment of Crohn's disease in this population.
Patients with renal impairment
Metoject PEN should be used with caution in patients with impaired renal function. The dose should be adjusted as follows:
Creatinine clearance (ml/min)
Dose
≥60
100%
30-59
50%
<30
Metoject PEN must not be used
See section 4.3.
Patients with hepatic impairment
Methotrexate should be administered with great caution, if at all, to patients with significant current or previous liver disease, especially if due to alcohol. If bilirubin is >5 mg/dl (85.5 µmol/l), methotrexate is contraindicated.
For the full list of contraindications, see section 4.3.
Use in elderly patients
Dose reduction should be considered in elderly patients due to reduced liver and kidney function as well as lower folate reserves which occur with increased age.
Use in patients with a third distribution space (pleural effusions, ascites)
As the half-life of methotrexate can be prolonged to 4 times the normal length in patients who possess a third distribution space dose reduction or, in some cases, discontinuation of methotrexate administration may be required (see section 5.2 and 4.4).
Method of administration
The medicinal product is for single use only.
Metoject PEN solution for injection in pre-filled pen can only be given by subcutaneous route.
The overall duration of the treatment is decided by the physician.
Guidance on how to use Metoject PEN solution for injection in pre-filled pen can be found below.
Please note that all of the contents have to be used.
Instructions for subcutaneous use of Metoject PEN with yellow cap and yellow injection button (three-step auto-injector)
The most appropriate zones for the injection are:
- upper thighs,
- abdomen except around the navel.
1. Clean the area of and around the chosen injection site.
2. Pull the cap straight off.
3. Build a skin fold by gently squeezing the area at the injection site.
4. The fold must be held pinched until the Metoject PEN is removed from the skin after the injection.
5. Push the Metoject PEN firmly into the skin at a 90-degree angle in order to unlock the button. Then press the button (a click indicates the start of injection).
6. Do not remove the Metoject PEN from the skin before the end of the injection to avoid incomplete injection. This can take up to 5 seconds.
7. Remove the Metoject PEN from the skin at the same 90-degree angle.
8. The protective shield automatically moves into place over the needle and is then locked.
Instructions for subcutaneous use of Metoject PEN with translucent protective cap and blue needle cover (two-step auto-injector)
The most appropriate zones for the injection are:
- upper thighs,
- lower part of the abdomen except within 5 cm around the navel.
1. Clean the injection site.
2. Firmly pull the translucent cap straight off.
3. Position the uncapped blue needle cover at a 90-degree angle against the skin. It is not necessary to build a skin fold.
4. Start the injection by pushing the Metoject PEN down all the way (a first “click” indicates the start of injection).
5. Continue holding the Metoject PEN down against the skin to complete the injection until:
✓ you hear a second “click”, shortly after the first
✓ or: the blue plunger rod has stopped moving and fills the inspection window
✓ or: 5 seconds have passed.
6. Remove the Metoject PEN from the skin at the same 90-degree angle.
7. The blue needle cover automatically moves into place over the needle and is then locked.
Note:
If changing the oral application to parenteral administration a reduction of the dose may be required due to the variable bioavailability of methotrexate after oral administration.
Folic acid supplementation may be considered according to current treatment guidelines.
Metoject PEN is contraindicated in the case of
● hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1,
● severe liver impairment (see section 4.2),
● alcohol abuse,
● severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance less than 30 ml/min., see section 4.2 and section 4.4),
● pre-existing blood dyscrasias, such as bone marrow hypoplasia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, or significant anaemia,
● serious, acute or chronic infections such as tuberculosis, HIV or other immunodeficiency syndromes,
● ulcers of the oral cavity and known active gastrointestinal ulcer disease,
● pregnancy and breastfeeding (see section 4.6),
● concurrent vaccination with live vaccines.
Patients must be clearly informed that the therapy has to be administered once a week, not every day.
Patients undergoing therapy should be subject to appropriate supervision so that signs of possible toxic effects or adverse reactions may be detected and evaluated with minimal delay. Therefore treatment with methotrexate should only be initiated and supervised by physicians whose knowledge and experience includes the use of antimetabolite therapy. Because of the possibility of severe or even fatal toxic reactions, the patient should be fully informed by the physician of the risks involved and the recommended safety measures.
Recommended examinations and safety measures
Before beginning or reinstituting methotrexate therapy after a rest period
Complete blood count with differential blood count and platelets, liver enzymes, bilirubin, serum albumin, chest x-ray and renal function tests. If clinically indicated, exclude tuberculosis and hepatitis.
During therapy
The tests below must be conducted every week during the first two weeks, then every two weeks for the next month; afterwards, depending on leukocyte count and stability of the patient, at least once monthly during the next six months and at least every three months thereafter.
Increased monitoring frequency should also be considered when increasing the dose. Particularly elderly patients should be examined for early signs of toxicity in short intervals.
1. Examination of the mouth and throat for mucosal changes
2. Complete blood count with differential blood count and platelets. Haemopoietic suppression caused by methotrexate may occur abruptly and with apparently safe doses. Any profound drop in white-cell or platelet counts indicates immediate withdrawal of the medicinal product and appropriate supportive therapy. Patients should be advised to report all signs and symptoms suggestive of infection. Patients taking haematotoxic medicinal products (e.g. leflunomide) simultaneously should be monitored closely with blood count and platelets.
3. Liver function tests: Treatment should not be initiated or should be discontinued if there are persistent or significant abnormalities in liver function tests, other non-invasive investigations of hepatic fibrosis or liver biopsies.
Temporary increases in transaminases to two or three times the upper limit of normal have been reported in patients at a frequency of 13-20%. Persistent elevation of liver enzymes and/or decrease in serum albumin may be indicative for severe hepatotoxicity. In the event of a persistent increase in liver enzymes, consideration should be given to reducing the dose or discontinuing therapy.
Histological changes, fibrosis and more rarely liver cirrhosis may not be preceded by abnormal liver function tests. There are instances in cirrhosis where transaminases are normal. Therefore, non-invasive diagnostic methods for monitoring of liver condition should be considered, in addition to liver function tests. Liver biopsy should be considered on an individual basis taking into account the patient's comorbidities, medical history and the risks related to biopsy. Risk factors for hepatotoxicity include excessive prior alcohol consumption, persistent elevation of liver enzymes, history of liver disease, family history of hereditary liver disorders, diabetes mellitus, obesity and previous contact with hepatotoxic drugs or chemicals and prolonged methotrexate treatment.
Additional hepatotoxic medicinal products should not be given during treatment with methotrexate unless clearly necessary. Alcohol consumption should be avoided (see sections 4.3 and 4.5). Closer monitoring of liver enzymes should be undertaken in patients concomitantly taking other hepatotoxic medicinal products.
Increased caution should be exercised in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, as during methotrexate therapy, liver cirrhosis developed in isolated cases without any elevation of transaminases.
4. Renal function should be monitored by renal function tests and urinalysis (see sections 4.2 and 4.3).
As methotrexate is eliminated mainly by renal route, increased serum concentrations are to be expected in the case of renal impairment, which may result in severe undesirable effects.
Where renal function may be compromised (e.g. in the elderly), monitoring should take place more frequently. This applies in particular when medicinal products are administered concomitantly that affect the elimination of methotrexate, cause kidney damage (e.g. non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) or that can potentially lead to impairment of blood formation. Dehydration may also intensify the toxicity of methotrexate.
5. Assessment of respiratory system: Alertness for symptoms of lung function impairment and, if necessary lung function test. Pulmonary affection requires a quick diagnosis and discontinuation of methotrexate. Pulmonary symptoms (especially a dry, non-productive cough) or a non-specific pneumonitis occurring during methotrexate therapy may be indicative of a potentially dangerous lesion and require interruption of treatment and careful investigation. Acute or chronic interstitial pneumonitis, often associated with blood eosinophilia, may occur and deaths have been reported. Although clinically variable, the typical patient with methotrexate-induced lung disease presents with fever, cough, dyspnoea, hypoxemia, and an infiltrate on chest X-ray, infection needs to be excluded. Pulmonary diseases induced by methotrexate were not always completely reversible. This lesion can occur at all doses.
In addition, pulmonary alveolar haemorrhage has been reported with methotrexate used in rheumatologic and related indications. This event may also be associated with vasculitis and other comorbidities. Prompt investigations should be considered when pulmonary alveolar haemorrhage is suspected to confirm the diagnosis.
6. Methotrexate may, due to its effect on the immune system, impair the response to vaccination results and affect the result of immunological tests. Particular caution is also needed in the presence of inactive, chronic infections (e.g. herpes zoster, tuberculosis, hepatitis B or C) for reasons of possible activation. Vaccination using live vaccines must not be carried out under methotrexate therapy.
Malignant lymphomas may occur in patients receiving low-dose methotrexate, in which case therapy must be discontinued. Failure of the lymphoma to show signs of spontaneous regression requires the initiation of cytotoxic therapy.
Concomitant administration of folate antagonists such as trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole has been reported to cause an acute megaloblastic pancytopenia in rare instances.
Photosensitivity
Photosensitivity manifested by an exaggerated sunburn reaction has been observed in some individuals taking methotrexate (see section 4.8). Exposure to intense sunlight or UV rays should be avoided unless medically indicated. Patients should use adequate sun-protection to protect themselves from intense sunlight.
Radiation-induced dermatitis and sunburn can reappear under methotrexate therapy (recall-reaction). Psoriatic lesions can exacerbate during UV-irradiation and simultaneous administration of methotrexate.
Methotrexate elimination is reduced in patients with a third distribution space (ascites, pleural effusions). Such patients require especially careful monitoring for toxicity, and require dose reduction or, in some cases, discontinuation of methotrexate administration. Pleural effusions and ascites should be drained prior to initiation of methotrexate treatment (see section 5.2).
Diarrhoea and ulcerative stomatitis can be toxic effects and require interruption of therapy, otherwise haemorrhagic enteritis and death from intestinal perforation may occur.
Vitamin preparations or other products containing folic acid, folinic acid or their derivatives may decrease the effectiveness of methotrexate.
For the treatment of psoriasis, methotrexate should be restricted to moderate to severe psoriasis which is not adequately responsive to topic forms of therapy, but only when the diagnosis has been established by biopsy and/or after dermatological consultation.
Encephalopathy/leukoencephalopathy have been reported in oncologic patients receiving methotrexate therapy and cannot be excluded for methotrexate therapy in non-oncologic indications.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)
Cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) have been reported in patients receiving methotrexate, mostly in combination with other immunosuppressive medication. PML can be fatal and should be considered in the differential diagnosis in immunosuppressed patients with new onset or worsening neurological symptoms.
Fertility and reproduction
Fertility
Methotrexate has been reported to cause oligospermia, menstrual dysfunction and amenorrhoea in humans, during and for a short period after cessation of therapy, and to cause impaired fertility, affecting spermatogenesis and oogenesis during the period of its administration - effects that appear to be reversible on discontinuing therapy.
Teratogenicity – Reproductive risk
Methotrexate causes embryotoxicity, abortion and foetal defects in humans. Therefore, the possible risks of effects on reproduction, pregnancy loss and congenital malformations should be discussed with female patients of childbearing potential (see section 4.6). The absence of pregnancy must be confirmed before Metoject PEN is used. If women of a sexually mature age are treated, effective contraception must be performed during treatment and for at least six months after.
For contraception advice for men see section 4.6.
Sodium
This medicinal product contains less than 1 mmol sodium (23 mg) per dose, that is to say essentially “sodium-free”.
Paediatric population
Use in children <3 years of age is not recommended as insufficient data on efficacy and safety is available for this population (see section 4.2).
Nitrous oxide
The use of nitrous oxide potentiates the effect of methotrexate on folate metabolism, yielding increased toxicity such as severe, unpredictable myelosuppression, and stomatitis. Whilst this effect can be reduced by administering calcium folinate, the concomitant use of nitrous oxide and methotrexate should be avoided.
Alcohol, hepatotoxic medicinal products, haematotoxic medicinal products
The probability of methotrexate exhibiting a hepatotoxic effect is increased by regular alcohol consumption and when other hepatotoxic medicinal products are taken at the same time (see section 4.4). Patients taking other hepatotoxic medicinal products concomitantly (e.g. leflunomide) should be monitored with special care. The same should be taken into account with the simultaneous administration of haematotoxic medicinal products (e.g. leflunomide, azathioprine, retinoids, sulfasalazine). The incidence of pancytopenia and hepatotoxicity can be increased when leflunomide is combined with methotrexate.
Combined treatment with methotrexate and retinoids like acitretin or etretinate increases the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Oral antibiotics
Oral antibiotics like tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, and non-absorbable broad-spectrum antibiotics can interfere with the enterohepatic circulation, by inhibition of the intestinal flora or suppression of the bacterial metabolism.
Antibiotics
Antibiotics, like penicillins, glycopeptides, sulfonamides, ciprofloxacin and cefalotin can, in individual cases, reduce the renal clearance of methotrexate, so that increased serum concentrations of methotrexate with simultaneous haematological and gastro-intestinal toxicity may occur.
Medicinal products with high plasma protein binding
Methotrexate is plasma protein bound and may be displaced by other protein bound medicinal products such as salicylates, hypoglycaemics, diuretics, sulphonamides, diphenylhydantoins, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol and p-aminobenzoic acid, and acidic anti-inflammatory agents, which can lead to increased toxicity when used concurrently.
Probenecid, weak organic acids, pyrazoles and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents
Probenecid, weak organic acids such as loop diuretics, and pyrazoles (phenylbutazone) can reduce the elimination of methotrexate and higher serum concentrations may be assumed inducing higher haematological toxicity. There is also a possibility of increased toxicity when low-dose methotrexate and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or salicylates are combined.
Medicinal products with adverse reactions on the bone marrow
In the case of medication with medicinal products which may have adverse reactions on the bone marrow (e.g. sulphonamides, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, pyrimethamine); attention should be paid to the possibility of pronounced impairment of blood formation. Concurrent administration of metamizole and methotrexate can increase the haematotoxic effect of methotrexate, especially in elderly patients. Therefore, coadministration should be avoided.
Medicinal products which cause folate deficiency
The concomitant administration of products which cause folate deficiency (e.g. sulphonamides, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole) can lead to increased methotrexate toxicity. Particular care is therefore advisable in the presence of existing folic acid deficiency.
Products containing folic acid or folinic acid
Vitamin preparations or other products containing folic acid, folinic acid or their derivatives may decrease the effectiveness of methotrexate.
Other antirheumatic medicinal products
An increase in the toxic effects of methotrexate is, in general, not to be expected when Metoject PEN is administered simultaneously with other antirheumatic medicinal products (e.g. gold compounds, penicillamine, hydroxychloroquine, sulfasalazine, azathioprine).
Cyclosporine
Cyclosporine may potentiate methotrexate efficacy and toxicity. There is an increased risk of renal dysfunction. In addition, there is a biological plausibility of excessive immunosuppression and its associated complications.
Sulfasalazine
Although the combination of methotrexate and sulfasalazine can cause an increase in efficacy of methotrexate and as a result more undesirable effects due to the inhibition of folic acid synthesis through sulfasalazine, such undesirable effects have only been observed in rare individual cases in the course of several studies.
Mercaptopurine
Methotrexate increases the plasma levels of mercaptopurine. The combination of methotrexate and mercaptopurine may therefore require dose adjustment.
Proton-pump inhibitors
Concomitant administration of proton-pump inhibitors like omeprazole or pantoprazole can lead to interactions: Concomitant administration of methotrexate and omeprazole has led to delayed renal elimination of methotrexate. In combination with pantoprazole inhibited renal elimination of the metabolite 7-hydroxymethotrexate with myalgia and shivering was reported in one case.
Theophylline
Methotrexate may decrease the clearance of theophylline; theophylline levels should be monitored when used concurrently with methotrexate.
Caffeine- or theophylline-containing beverages
An excessive consumption of caffeine- or theophylline-containing beverages (coffee, caffeine-containing soft drinks, black tea) should be avoided during methotrexate therapy.
Women of childbearing potential/Contraception in females
Women must not get pregnant during methotrexate therapy, and effective contraception must be used during treatment with methotrexate and at least 6 months thereafter (see section 4.4). Prior to initiating therapy, women of childbearing potential must be informed of the risk of malformations associated with methotrexate and any existing pregnancy must be excluded with certainty by taking appropriate measures, e.g. a pregnancy test. During treatment pregnancy tests should be repeated as clinically required (e.g. after any gap of contraception). Female patients of reproductive potential must be counselled regarding pregnancy prevention and planning.
Contraception in males
It is not known if methotrexate is present in semen. Methotrexate has been shown to be genotoxic in animal studies, such that the risk of genotoxic effects on sperm cells cannot completely be excluded. Limited clinical evidence does not indicate an increased risk of malformations or miscarriage following paternal exposure to low-dose methotrexate (less than 30 mg/week). For higher doses, there is insufficient data to estimate the risks of malformations or miscarriage following paternal exposure.
As precautionary measures, sexually active male patients or their female partners are recommended to use reliable contraception during treatment of the male patient and for at least 3 months after cessation of methotrexate. Men should not donate semen during therapy or for 3 months following discontinuation of methotrexate.
Pregnancy
Methotrexate is contraindicated during pregnancy in non-oncological indications (see section 4.3). If pregnancy occurs during treatment with methotrexate and up to six months thereafter, medical advice should be given regarding the risk of harmful effects on the child associated with treatment and ultrasonography examinations should be performed to confirm normal foetal development.
In animal studies, methotrexate has shown reproductive toxicity, especially during the first trimester (see section 5.3). Methotrexate has been shown to be teratogenic to humans; it has been reported to cause foetal death, miscarriages and/or congenital abnormalities (e.g. craniofacial, cardiovascular, central nervous system and extremity-related).
Methotrexate is a powerful human teratogen, with an increased risk of spontaneous abortions, intrauterine growth restriction and congenital malformations in case of exposure during pregnancy.
• Spontaneous abortions have been reported in 42.5% of pregnant women exposed to low-dose methotrexate treatment (less than 30 mg/week), compared to a reported rate of 22.5% in disease-matched patients treated with drugs other than methotrexate.
• Major birth defects occurred in 6.6% of live births in women exposed to low-dose methotrexate treatment (less than 30 mg/week) during pregnancy, compared to approximately 4% of live births in disease-matched patients treated with drugs other than methotrexate.
Insufficient data is available for methotrexate exposure during pregnancy higher than 30 mg/week, but higher rates of spontaneous abortions and congenital malformations are expected.
When methotrexate was discontinued prior to conception, normal pregnancies have been reported.
Breastfeeding
Methotrexate is excreted in human milk. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in breastfed infants, Metoject PEN is contraindicated during breastfeeding (see section 4.3). Therefore breastfeeding must be discontinued prior and during administration.
Fertility
Methotrexate affects spermatogenesis and oogenesis and may decrease fertility. In humans, methotrexate has been reported to cause oligospermia, menstrual dysfunction and amenorrhoea. These effects appear to be reversible after discontinuation of therapy in most cases.
Metoject PEN has minor or moderate influence on the ability to drive and use machines.
Central nervous system symptoms such as tiredness and dizziness can occur during treatment.
Summary of the safety profile
Most serious adverse reactions of methotrexate include bone marrow suppression, pulmonary toxicity, hepatotoxicity, renal toxicity, neurotoxicity, thromboembolic events, anaphylactic shock and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
Most frequently (very common) observed adverse reactions of methotrexate include gastrointestinal disorders e.g. stomatitis, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, nausea, loss of appetite and abnormal liver function tests e.g. increased ALAT, ASAT, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase. Other frequently (common) occurring adverse reactions are leukopenia, anaemia, thrombopenia, headache, tiredness, drowsiness, pneumonia, interstitial alveolitis/pneumonitis often associated with eosinophilia, oral ulcers, diarrhoea, exanthema, erythema and pruritus.
Tabulated list of adverse reactions
The most relevant undesirable effects are suppression of the haematopoietic system and gastrointestinal disorders.
The following headings are used to organise the undesirable effects in order of frequency:
Very common (≥1/10), common (≥1/100 to <1/10), uncommon (≥1/1 000 to <1/100), rare (≥1/10 000 to <1/1 000), very rare (<1/10 000), not known (cannot be estimated from the available data)
Infections and infestations
Uncommon: Pharyngitis.
Rare: Infection (incl. reactivation of inactive chronic infection), sepsis, conjunctivitis.
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (including cysts and polyps)
Very rare: Lymphoma (see “description” below).
Blood and lymphatic system disorders
Common: Leukopenia, anaemia, thrombopenia.
Uncommon: Pancytopenia.
Very rare: Agranulocytosis, severe courses of bone marrow depression, lymphoproliferative disorders (see “description” below).
Not known: Eosinophilia
Immune system disorders
Rare: Allergic reactions, anaphylactic shock, hypogammaglobulinaemia.
Metabolism and nutrition disorders
Uncommon: Precipitation of diabetes mellitus.
Psychiatric disorders
Uncommon: Depression, confusion.
Rare: Mood alterations.
Nervous system disorders
Common: Headache, tiredness, drowsiness.
Uncommon: Dizziness.
Very rare: Pain, muscular asthenia or paraesthesia/hypoaesthesia, changes in sense of taste (metallic taste), convulsions, meningism, acute aseptic meningitis, paralysis.
Not known: Encephalopathy/leukoencephalopathy.
Eye disorders
Rare: Visual disturbances.
Very rare: Impaired vision, retinopathy.
Cardiac disorders
Rare: Pericarditis, pericardial effusion, pericardial tamponade.
Vascular disorders
Rare: Hypotension, thromboembolic events.
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Common: Pneumonia, interstitial alveolitis/pneumonitis often associated with eosinophilia. Symptoms indicating potentially severe lung injury (interstitial pneumonitis) are: dry, not productive cough, short of breath and fever.
Rare: Pulmonary fibrosis, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, shortness of breath and bronchial asthma, pleural effusion.
Not known: Epistaxis, pulmonary alveolar haemorrhage.
Gastrointestinal disorders
Very common: Stomatitis, dyspepsia, nausea, loss of appetite, abdominal pain.
Common: Oral ulcers, diarrhoea.
Uncommon: Gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding, enteritis, vomiting, pancreatitis.
Rare: Gingivitis.
Very rare: Haematemesis, haematorrhea, toxic megacolon.
Hepatobiliary disorders (see section 4.4)
Very common: Abnormal liver function tests (increased ALAT, ASAT, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin).
Uncommon: Cirrhosis, fibrosis and fatty degeneration of the liver, decrease in serum albumin.
Rare: Acute hepatitis.
Very rare: Hepatic failure.
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
Common: Exanthema, erythema, pruritus.
Uncommon: Photosensitivity reactions, loss of hair, increase in rheumatic nodules, skin ulcer, herpes zoster, vasculitis, herpetiform eruptions of the skin, urticaria.
Rare: Increased pigmentation, acne, petechiae, ecchymosis, allergic vasculitis.
Very rare: Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell's syndrome), increased pigmentary changes of the nails, acute paronychia, furunculosis, telangiectasia.
Not known: Skin exfoliation/dermatitis exfoliative.
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Uncommon: Arthralgia, myalgia, osteoporosis.
Rare: Stress fracture.
Not known: Osteonecrosis of jaw (secondary to lymphoproliferative disorders).
Renal and urinary disorders
Uncommon: Inflammation and ulceration of the urinary bladder, renal impairment, disturbed micturition.
Rare: Renal failure, oliguria, anuria, electrolyte disturbances.
Not known: Proteinuria.
Reproductive system and breast disorders
Uncommon: Inflammation and ulceration of the vagina.
Very rare: Loss of libido, impotence, gynaecomastia, oligospermia, impaired menstruation, vaginal discharge.
General disorders and administration site conditions
Rare: Fever, wound-healing impairment.
Not known: Asthenia, injection site necrosis, oedema.
Description of selected adverse reactions
The appearance and degree of severity of undesirable effects depends on the dose level and the frequency of administration. However, as severe undesirable effects can occur even at lower doses, it is indispensable that patients are monitored regularly by the doctor at short intervals.
Lymphoma/Lymphoproliferative disorders: there have been reports of individual cases of lymphoma and other lymphoproliferative disorders which subsided in a number of cases once treatment with methotrexate had been discontinued.
Subcutaneous application of methotrexate is locally well tolerated. Only mild local skin reactions (such as burning sensations, erythema, swelling, discolouration, pruritus, severe itching, pain) were observed, decreasing during therapy.
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme at: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store.
Symptoms of overdose
Toxicity of methotrexate mainly affects the haematopoietic system.
Treatment measures in the case of overdose
Calcium folinate is the specific antidote for neutralising the toxic undesirable effects of methotrexate.
In cases of accidental overdose, a dose of calcium folinate equal to or higher than the offending dose of methotrexate should be administered intravenously or intramuscularly within one hour and dosing continued until the serum levels of methotrexate are below 10-7 mol/l.
In cases of massive overdose, hydration and urinary alkalisation may be necessary to prevent precipitation of methotrexate and/or its metabolites in the renal tubules. Neither haemodialysis nor peritoneal dialysis has been shown to improve methotrexate elimination. Effective clearance of methotrexate has been reported with acute, intermittent haemodialysis using a high flux dialyser.
Medicines sold in Romania with the same active substance: Cunoscut în România ca
Same active substance. The strength, the form and whether you need a prescription can differ. Always ask a pharmacist before you switch. Romanian medicines in the UK →
Medicines sold in Poland with the same active substance: W Polsce znany jako
Same active substance. The strength, the form and whether you need a prescription can differ. Always ask a pharmacist before you switch. Polish medicines in the UK →
Ask anything about Metoject PEN 27.5 mg solution for injection in pre-filled pen. The assistant answers only from this leaflet — if the leaflet does not cover it, it will say so. It does not give medical advice.
Answers come from the patient leaflet published on the electronic medicines compendium (emc). They are not medical advice. Ask a pharmacist or your GP if you are unsure. For urgent help call NHS 111, or 999 in an emergency.
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