Patient leaflets and SmPCs, drug interaction checker, official dosages and NHS pharmacy opening hours — all in one place.
Patient leaflets and SmPCs, drug interaction checker, official dosages and NHS pharmacy opening hours — all in one place.
The electronic medicines compendium (emc) no longer publishes a Summary of Product Characteristics for this product, which usually means it is no longer marketed in the UK. The patient leaflet below is kept for reference, but the product may not be available.
If you were prescribed this medicine, other products containing Lorazepam may still be available. Do not stop your treatment — ask your pharmacist or GP what to use instead.
for
This medicine has been prescribed for you for
e Lorazepam Aristo
Do not take Lorazepam Aristo
1
• •
in case of acute poisoning with alcohol or depressants affecting the Central Nervous System (CNS) (e.g. sleeping pills or painkillers, medicines for the treatment of mental disorders, such as antipsychotics, antidepressants and lithium) if you are under 6 years of age.
Warnings and precautions Talk to your doctor or pharmacist before taking Lorazepam Aristo if:
2
Benzodiazepines should only be used by those they are prescribed for. Do not give your medicine to anyone else. Taking higher doses or more frequent doses of benzodiazepines may increase the risk of addiction. Overuse and misuse can lead to overdose and/or death. At the start of therapy, your doctor will monitor your individual response to this medicine, so that a potential overdose can be detected as quickly as possible. If you are a child, an older or debilitated patient, you may show a more sensitive response to the effects of Lorazepam Aristo. Therefore, your therapy should be monitored more frequently. If you suffer from kidney or liver dysfunction, have existing heart failure and/or low blood pressure (hypotension), you may have greater sensitivity to the effects of this medicine; the same applies if you are elderly. You may be at greater risk of falls, especially when you get up at night. Hepatic encephalopathy (brain disease due to liver damage) may occur with the use of lorazepam. Lorazepam must therefore not be used in patients with severely impaired liver function and/or hepatic encephalopathy. You may observe memory loss during treatment with lorazepam. When used as a sleeping tablet, you should ensure that you get a sufficient amount of sleep (about 7 to 8 hours). If you follow this recommendation, the after-effects the next morning can usually be avoided (e.g. tiredness, impaired reaction skills). Please ask your doctor to give you more detailed instructions on how to go about your everyday life, taking your particular lifestyle into account (e.g. occupation). There have been uncommon reports of paradoxical reactions occurring with the use of benzodiazepines such as anxiety, states of agitation, delusion, excitability, aggressive behaviour sleep disorders, sexual arousal, hallucinations, psychoses (see section 4.). Such reactions are more likely if you are a child or an elderly patient. Treatment with lorazepam should be stopped if paradoxical reactions occur. Potentially fatal respiratory depression may occur with use of benzodiazepines including lorazepam. Severe allergic reactions have been reported with benzodiazepine use. Cases of swelling of the skin and/or mucous membranes involving the tongue, larynx or vocal cord region (angioedema) have been reported in patients after taking the first dose or subsequent doses of benzodiazepines. Some patients have experienced other symptoms while taking benzodiazepines, such as shortness of breath (dyspnoea), swelling of the throat or feeling and being sick. Some patients had to be treated as a medical emergency. If these symptoms occur, please tell your doctor immediately or go to hospital straight away. The airways can become blocked, which may prove fatal. Children and adolescents Children and adolescents under 18 years should not be treated with Lorazepam unless it is urgently required for sedation before surgery or before diagnostic procedures. For children under 6 years, Lorazepam is contraindicated. Further information can be found in section 3. Other medicines and Lorazepam Aristo Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking, have recently taken or might take any other medicines, especially: • • • • • • •
Medicine for narcolepsy with cataplexy (e.g. sodium oxybate) Medicine for treating HIV (e.g. zidovudine) Medicine to treat delusions or hallucinations (e.g. chlorpromazine, loxapine or clozapine) Medicine to help with indigestion (e.g. antacids, cisapride or omeprazole) A medicine to control nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy called nabilone Medicines for addiction treatment (e.g. lofexidine and disulfiram) Strong pain killers (e.g. methadone, tramadol, codeine, morphine) 3
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Medicines used to treat tuberculosis such as isoniazid Antibiotics such as erythromycin Medicines to treat high blood pressure (e.g. ACE-inhibitors, alpha-blockers, angiotensin-II receptor antagonists, calcium channel blockers, adrenergic neurone blockers, beta-blockers, moxonidine, nitrates, hydralazine, minoxidil, sodium nitroprusside and diuretics) Medicines used to treat asthma (e.g. theophylline) Muscle relaxants (e.g. baclofen and tizanidine) Other sedatives (e.g. barbiturates or antihistamines) Other medicines used to treat anxiety Medicines used to treat depression Antihistamines for allergy Medicines for Parkinson's disease e.g. levodopa Medicines for epilepsy (e.g. phenobarbital or valproate/valproic acid) Medicine for gout called probenecid Oestrogen-containing contraceptives Medicines which affect liver enzymes (e.g. cimetidine, esomeprazole, rifampicin, ketoconazole, itraconazole).
If Lorazepam Aristo is used at the same time as other medicines that depress the central nervous system (e.g. psychotropic agents, sleeping tablets, sedatives, anaesthetics, beta-blockers, opiate-type painkillers, sedative antihistamines, antiepileptics), there may be some interaction, causing additive depressant effects on the central nervous system. Concomitant use of Lorazepam Aristo and opioids (e.g. strong pain killers, some cough medicines and medicines for substitution therapy) increases the risk of drowsiness, difficulties in breathing (respiratory depression), coma and may be life-threatening. Because of this, concomitant use should only be considered when other treatment options are not possible. However, if your doctor does prescribe Lorazepam Aristo together with opioids, the dose and duration of concomitant treatment should be limited by your doctor. Please tell your doctor about all opioid medicines you are taking and follow your doctor's dose recommendation closely. It could be helpful to inform friends or relatives to be aware of the signs and symptoms stated above. Contact your doctor when experiencing such symptoms. The effect of medicines to reduce muscle tension (muscle relaxants) and painkillers may be increased. If lorazepam is used at the same time as clozapine, marked sedation, excessive salivation and impaired movement coordination may occur. Administration of Lorazepam Aristo at the same time as valproic acid/sodium valproate can increase the levels of lorazepam in the blood. If valproic acid/sodium valproate is used at the same time, the dose of Lorazepam Aristo should be reduced by about a half. Administration of Lorazepam Aristo at the same time as probenecid may speed up the onset of action or prolong the effect of lorazepam. If used at the same time as probenecid, the dose of Lorazepam Aristo should be halved. The use of theophylline or aminophylline can reduce the sedative effect of Lorazepam Aristo. Lorazepam Aristo with food, drink and alcohol You should avoid drinking alcohol, as alcohol can alter and increase the effects of Lorazepam Aristo in an unpredictable way. Grapefruit juice and drinks containing caffeine should be avoided as they can affect the way that Lorazepam works.
4
Pregnancy and breast-feeding Pregnancy If you are pregnant or breast-feeding, think you may be pregnant or are planning to have a baby, ask your doctor or pharmacist for advice before taking this medicine. Lorazepam Aristo should not be taken during pregnancy. Your doctor will decide if the treatment should be discontinued. If you take Lorazepam during late pregnancy or during labour, your baby may be less active than other babies, have lower muscular tone, low body temperature (hypothermia) and/or low blood pressure (hypotension), respiratory depression, apnoea and drinking difficulties ("floppy infant syndrome"). Your baby may also develop withdrawal symptoms after birth, if you take Lorazepam Aristo for a prolonged time in the late stages of your pregnancy. Breast-feeding As Lorazepam passes into breast milk and might cause sedation and inability to suckle in your baby, you should not take Lorazepam Aristo during breast-feeding. Driving and using machines Even when Lorazepam Aristo is used as directed, you should expect your reaction skills to be impaired, especially during the first few days of treatment. In this case, you will no longer be able to react quickly enough to unexpected and sudden events. Do not drive a car or any other vehicle. Do not use any hazardous electrical tools or machines. Do not work without a secure foothold. In particular, please remember that alcohol will further impair your ability to react. The decision as to what extent driving or other hazardous activities are possible will be taken by your treating doctor, taking your individual response and dosage into consideration. Lorazepam Aristo contains lactose. If you have been told by your doctor that you have an intolerance to some sugars, contact your doctor before taking this medicine.
3.
Lorazepam Aristo
Always take this medicine exactly as your doctor has told you. Check with your doctor or pharmacist if you are not sure. The dose and duration of treatment must be adjusted to your individual response to therapy, the therapeutic indication (i.e. the illness for which this medicine has been prescribed) and the severity of your illness. As a basic rule, the dose should be kept as low as possible and the duration of treatment as short as possible. Your prescriber should have discussed with you how long the course of tablets will last. They will arrange a plan for stopping treatment. This will outline how to gradually reduce the dose and stop taking the medicine. Your prescriber will ensure that your plan for stopping treatment is tailored to you and can be adapted according to your needs and experience of any withdrawal symptoms. Dose Please follow the directions for use at all times, as Lorazepam Aristo may otherwise not work properly. The following information applies, unless Lorazepam Aristo has been prescribed otherwise by your doctor: Treatment of anxiety and sleep disorders caused by anxiety:
5
The daily dose for adults is generally 0.5 to 2.5 mg lorazepam, divided into 2 to 3 single doses or as a single evening dose. In individual cases, especially in a hospital setting, the doctor may increase the daily dose to a maximum of 7.5 mg lorazepam, taking all precautions into consideration. If the main focus involves sleep disorders requiring treatment, the daily dose (0.5 to 2.5 mg lorazepam) can be taken as a single dose approximately half an hour before bedtime. When used as a sleeping tablet, you should take it about half an hour before bedtime; otherwise, it will probably take longer for it to take effect and – depending on the length of sleep – will probably cause more severe after-effects the next morning. If you take your whole dose in the evening, it should not be taken on a full stomach. Sedation prior to diagnostic procedures, as well as before surgical interventions: For adults, 1 to 2.5 mg lorazepam in the evening before surgery and/or 2 to 4 mg lorazepam approximately 1 to 2 hours before the procedure. The orodispersible tablets can be taken with or without meals. Use in elderly or debilitated patients In elderly or debilitated patients, as well as in patients with organic brain changes, the initial total daily dose should be reduced by approximately 50 %. These patients should preferably use preparations with a lower active substance content. The dose must be adjusted by the doctor, depending on the required effect and tolerability in each individual case. Use in patients with impaired renal function Patients with kidney problems may be given lower doses. The starting dose is usually half of the recommended normal adult dose. Your doctor will see how you respond to the medicine and alter the dose if needed. Use in patients with impaired hepatic function Patients with moderate to mild liver problems may be given lower doses. The starting dose is usually half of the recommended normal adult dose. Lorazepam is contraindicated in patients with severe liver insufficiency (see section 4.3). Use in children and adolescents Lorazepam Aristo should not be used for the treatment of anxiety or insomnia in children and adolescents under 18 years of age. Aged less than 6 years: Children under the age of six must not be treated with Lorazepam. Aged 6 – 12 years: Before diagnostic procedures or before surgical interventions: The recommended dose is between 0.5 mg to 1 mg, depending upon the weight of the child (0.05 mg/kg body weight dose should not be exceeded), taken at least one to two hours before the operation. Aged 13 – 18 years of age: Before diagnostic procedures or before surgical interventions: The recommended dose is between 1 mg to 4 mg, taken one to two hours before the operation. Method of administration Lorazepam Aristo is for oral use. The orodispersible tablets dissolve instantly in the mouth. They can, if desired, be swallowed and washed down with some liquid. The tablet can be divided into equal doses. 6
If you take more Lorazepam Aristo than you should Tell a doctor immediately if you suspect that intoxication has occurred after quite large amounts of this medicine have been taken. You must call a doctor for first-aid instructions, which you must then apply. Do not induce vomiting unless expressly told to do so. Signs of an overdose are: drowsiness, confusion, somnolence, shallow breathing, impaired movement coordination, apathy and, in severe cases, unconsciousness. If you forget to take Lorazepam Aristo If you forget to take an orodispersible tablet, take it as normal at your next time. Do not take a double dose to make up for a forgotten dose. If you stop taking Lorazepam Aristo Do not suddenly stop taking this medicine. If you want to stop taking this medicine, discuss this with your prescriber first. They will tell you how to do this, usually by reducing the dose gradually so that any unpleasant withdrawal effects are kept to a minimum. This may occur over a period of weeks to months. Your prescriber will ensure that your plan for stopping treatment is tailored to you and can be adapted according to your needs and experience of any withdrawal symptoms. Withdrawal symptoms may include headaches, muscle pain, anxiety, tension, depression, restlessness, sweating, confusion or irritability. Do not stop taking your tablets suddenly. This could lead to more serious symptoms such as loss of the sense of reality, feeling unreal or detached from life, and unable to feel emotion. Some patients have also experienced numbness or tingling of the arms or legs, tinnitus (ringing sounds in the ears), oversensitivity to light, sound and touch, uncontrolled or overactive movements, twitching, shaking, feeling sick, being sick, stomach upsets or stomach pain, loss of appetite, agitation, abnormally fast heartbeats, panic attacks, dizziness or feeling that you are about to fall, memory loss, hallucinations, feeling stiff and unable to move easily, feeling very warm, convulsions (sudden uncontrolled shaking or jerking of the body). If you have any further questions on the use of this medicine, ask your doctor or pharmacist.
4.
Possible side effects
Like all medicines, this medicine can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them.
are to be expected especially at the start of treatment, if the dose is too high and in the patient groups mentioned in "Warnings and precautions" (see section 2). Very common: may affect more than 1 in 10 patients treated
• •
reduced alertness salivation changes
Very rare: may affect up to 1 in 10,000 patients treated
8
How do I know if I am tolerant or addicted? If you notice any of the following signs whilst taking Lorazepam Aristo, it could be a sign that you have become addicted.
5.
Lorazepam Aristo
Keep this medicine out of the sight and reach of children. Do not use this medicine after the expiry date which is stated on the blister and carton. The expiry date refers to the last day of that month. Do not store above 25°C. Store in the original package in order to protect from light and moisture. After dividing the orodispersible tablets: Store any remaining half-tablets in the original package in order to protect from light and moisture. Use within 24 hours. Do not throw away any medicines via wastewater. Ask your pharmacist how to throw away medicines you no longer use. These measures will help protect the environment.
6.
What Lorazepam Aristo contains • •
The active substance is lorazepam. Lorazepam Aristo 1 mg orodispersible tablets: each tablet contains 1 mg lorazepam Lorazepam Aristo 2.5 mg orodispersible tablets: each tablet contains 2.5 mg lorazepam The other ingredients are: Lorazepam Aristo 1 mg orodispersible tablets: lactose monohydrate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, crospovidone, magnesium stearate [vegetable], Lorazepam Aristo 2.5 mg orodispersible tablets: lactose monohydrate, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, crospovidone, magnesium stearate [vegetable], yellow iron oxide
What Lorazepam Aristo looks like and contents of the pack Lorazepam Aristo 1 mg orodispersible tablets: White to off white, circular, flat faced, bevel edged, uncoated orodispersible tablet with a deep breakable score-line on one side and plain on the other side. The tablets can be divided into equal doses. Lorazepam Aristo 2.5 mg orodispersible tablets: Pale yellow, circular, flat faced, bevel edged, uncoated orodispersible, tablet with a deep breakable score-line on one side and plain on the other side. The tablets can be divided into equal doses.
9
Lorazepam Aristo is available in packs of 20, 25, 28, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 500 orodispersible tablets. Not all pack sizes may be marketed. Marketing Authorisation Holder and Manufacturer Aristo Pharma GmbH Wallenroder Straße 8-10 13435 Berlin Germany Manufacturer Medinsa (Laboratorios Medicamentos Internacionales, S.A.) C/ Solana, 26, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain This leaflet was last revised in 01/2026.
10
Lorazepam 1 mg Orodispersible tablets comes as tablet containing 1mg. Always follow the dose your doctor or pharmacist has given you, and read the leaflet that comes with the medicine.
The active substance in Lorazepam 1 mg Orodispersible tablets is lorazepam.
Medicines with the same active substance, strength and form include: Lorazepam 1 mg Tablet, Lorazepam 1 mg tablets, Lorazepam 1mg Tablets. In total there are 4 equivalent products. They are interchangeable only if your prescriber or pharmacist says so.
This leaflet reproduces the patient information leaflet approved for Lorazepam 1 mg Orodispersible tablets, as published on the electronic medicines compendium (emc). The version printed inside your medicine’s packaging is the one that applies to you.
Whether a medicine is available over the counter or on prescription only depends on its licence. Check the leaflet, or ask your pharmacist — they can tell you straight away.
The text above reproduces the patient information leaflet approved for this medicine, restructured for easier reading.
• Symptomatic short-term treatment of anxiety and insomnia caused by anxiety, where the anxiety is severe, disabling or subjecting the individual to unacceptable distress
• Premedication before diagnostic procedures or before surgical interventions
Posology
Prior to starting treatment with lorazepam, a discussion should be held with patients to put in place a strategy for ending treatment with lorazepam in order to minimise the risk of dependence, addiction and drug withdrawal syndrome (see section 4.4).
Treatment should be given for the shortest possible duration.
The dose must be adjusted to the individual response, therapeutic indication and the severity of the illness. As a basic rule, the dose should be kept as low as possible.
Treatment of anxiety and sleep disorders caused by anxiety
The daily dose is generally 0.5 to 2.5 mg lorazepam, divided into 2 to 3 single doses or as a single evening dose. In individual cases, especially in inpatient use, the daily dose can be increased to a maximum of 7.5 mg, taking all precautions into consideration.
If the main focus involves sleep disorders requiring treatment, the daily dose (0.5 to 2.5 mg lorazepam) can be taken as a single dose approximately half an hour before bedtime.
If the daily dose is taken as single dose in the evening it should not be taken on a full stomach. Due to a delayed onset of effect and depending on the length of the sleeping period a hang-over effect might be possible during the following day (see Section 4.4).
For acute illnesses, the use of lorazepam should be limited to single doses or for a few days. For chronic illnesses, the duration of use depends on progression. After 2 weeks of daily intake, the physician should clarify by gradual dose reduction whether treatment with lorazepam is still indicated.
Premedication before diagnostic procedures or before surgical interventions
1 to 2.5 mg lorazepam on the evening before and/or 2 to 4 mg approximately 1 to 2 hours prior to the procedure.
The orodispersible tablets can be taken independently of meals.
Special populations
Elderly and debilitated patients
For elderly and debilitated patients reduce the initial dose by approximately 50 % and adjust the dosage as needed and tolerated (see section 4.4).
Patients with impaired hepatic function
In patients with moderate to mild hepatic impairment, lower doses may be adequate. The starting dose should be half the recommended adult dose. Such patients should be carefully monitored for clinical response and tolerability, and the dose should be adjusted accordingly (see section 4.4). Lorazepam is contraindicated in patients with severe hepatic insufficiency (see section 4.3).
Patients with impaired renal function
In patients with severe to mild renal impairment, lower doses may be adequate. The starting dose should be half the recommended adult dose. Such patients should be carefully monitored for clinical response and tolerability, and the dose should be adjusted accordingly (see section 4.4).
Paediatric population
Lorazepam should not be used in children and adolescents under 18 years of age, as safety and efficacy have not been established in this population, except as indicated below.
Aged less than 6 years:
Lorazepam is contraindicated in children under the age of six (see section 4.3).
Aged 6 – 12 years:
Premedication before diagnostic procedures or before surgical interventions: 0.5 mg – 1 mg, or 0.05 mg / kg body weight should not be exceeded. The dose should be taken one to two hours prior to the operation.
Aged 13 – 18 years:
Premedication before diagnostic procedures or before surgical interventions: 1–4 mg one to two hours prior to the operation.
Method of administration
Lorazepam Aristo is for oral use.
The orodispersible tablets dissolve instantly in the mouth. For swallowing, they can, if desired, be washed down with some liquid.
• hypersensitivity to the active substance, to other benzodiazepines or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1.
• myasthenia gravis;
• acute intoxication with alcohol or CNS depressants (e.g. hypnotics or analgesics, neuroleptics, antidepressants and lithium);
• history of alcohol or drug dependence
• severe hepatic insufficiency (may precipitate encephalopathy)
• sleep apnoea syndrome
• severe respiratory insufficiency (e.g. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
• children under 6 years
At the start of therapy, the treating physician should monitor the patient's individual response to the medicinal product, so that any relative overdose can be detected as quickly as possible. This particularly applies to children, elderly patients, as well as patients with a diminished state of health. These patients may show a more sensitive response to the effect of lorazepam and should therefore be monitored more frequently during therapy.
Depression or other psychiatric disorders
Lorazepam is not intended for the primary treatment of psychotic illness or depressive disorders. In depressive patients, the possibility of emerging or worsening of depressive symptoms is to be expected. Benzodiazepine treatment can unmask suicidal tendencies in these patients; it should not be undertaken without adequate antidepressant therapy.
Suicidality
Some epidemiological studies indicate an increased incidence of suicide and suicide attempts in patients with or without depression, and treated with benzodiazepines or hypnotics, including lorazepam. However, a causal association has not been demonstrated.
Renal and hepatic impairment
Although bioavailability and metabolism of lorazepam are not significantly altered by renal dysfunction and are only significantly altered by severe hepatic dysfunction, caution should be exercised due to the observed greater sensitivity to the effect of these medicinal products; this also applies to elderly patients, who are at greater risk of falls, especially when they get up at night.
Exacerbation of hepatic encephalopathy may occur with the use of lorazepam.
Blood dyscrasia
Some patients taking benzodiazepines have developed blood dyscrasia, and some have had elevated levels of liver enzymes. Periodic haematological and hepatic function assessments are recommended where repeated courses of treatment are considered clinically necessary.
Hypotension
Although hypotension has occurred only rarely, benzodiazepines should be administered with caution in those patients in whom a drop in blood pressure may lead to cardiovascular or cerebrovascular complications; this is of particular importance in elderly patients.
Hang-over
Although lorazepam belongs to the benzodiazepines with a medium-long half-life, hang-over effects may occur, especially at higher doses and if the duration of sleep is too short. It should therefore be ensured that sufficient sleeping time (approximately 7 to 8 hours) is available (see section 4.2).
Amnesia
Transient anterograde amnesia or memory impairment has been reported in association with the use of benzodiazepines.
Patients should also be given precise instructions on how to go about their everyday life, taking their particular lifestyle into consideration (e.g. occupation).
Paradoxical reactions
There have been uncommon reports of paradoxical reactions occurring with the use of benzodiazepines (see section 4.8). Such reactions are to be expected especially in children and elderly people. Treatment with lorazepam should be discontinued if paradoxical reactions occur.
Respiratory depression
Potentially fatal respiratory depression may occur with use of benzodiazepines, including lorazepam.
Muscle weakness
Lorazepam can cause muscle weakness. Therefore, in patients with pre-existing muscle weakness or spinal or cerebellar ataxia special caution is required and a dose reduction may be necessary.
Acute narrow angle glaucoma
Caution should be used in the treatment of patients with acute narrow angle glaucoma.
Drug dependence, tolerance and potential for abuse
Drug addiction comprises behavioural, cognitive and physiological phenomena that may include a strong desire to take the drug, difficulties in controlling drug use and possible tolerance or physical dependence. Physical dependence is a state that develops as a result of physiological adaptation in response to repeated drug use, which manifests as withdrawal signs and symptoms after abrupt discontinuation or a significant dose reduction of a drug. Addiction and dependence are related but distinct presentations and in discussing these themes, terminology that apportion blame to the individual should be avoided.
For all patients, prolonged use of this product may lead to drug dependence and addiction but can occur with short-term use at recommended therapeutic doses. The risks are increased in individuals with current or past history of substance misuse disorder (including alcohol misuse) or mental health disorder (e.g., major depression).
Additional support and monitoring may be necessary when prescribing for patients at risk of drug misuse.
A comprehensive patient history should be taken to document concomitant medications, including over-the-counter medicines and medicines obtained on-line, and past and present medical and psychiatric conditions.
Patients may find that treatment is less effective with chronic use and express a need to increase the dose to obtain the same level of symptom control as initially experienced. Patients may also supplement their treatment with additional medications to achieve the same effect. These could be signs that the patient is developing tolerance. The risks of developing tolerance should be explained to the patient.
Overuse or misuse may result in overdose and/or death. It is important that patients only use medicines that are prescribed for them at the dose they have been prescribed and do not give this medicine to anyone else.
Patients should be closely monitored for signs of misuse, abuse, or addiction.
The clinical need for treatment with clonazepam should be reviewed regularly, with frequent assessments of patients being undertaken during the course of their treatment.
Drug withdrawal syndrome
Prior to starting treatment with lorazepam, a discussion should be held with patients to explain the risk of dependence, addiction, and drug withdrawal syndrome. A withdrawal strategy for ending treatment with clonazepam should also be put in place with the patient before starting treatment (there may be exceptions to this in specific clinical situations such as symptom management in end of life palliative care).
Drug withdrawal syndrome may occur upon abrupt cessation of therapy or dose reduction. When a patient no longer requires therapy, it is advisable to taper the dose gradually to minimise symptoms of withdrawal. Tapering from a high dose may take in excess of weeks or months. Patients should be informed of this when the medication is first prescribed.
The reduction schedule for a patient should be tailored to the individual and should be modified to allow intolerable withdrawal symptoms to improve before making the next reduction. If using a published withdrawal schedule, apply it flexibly to accommodate the person's preferences, changes to their circumstances and the response to dose reductions.
Suggest a slow stepwise rate of reduction proportionate to the existing dose, so that decrements become smaller as the dose is lowered, unless clinical risk is such that rapid withdrawal is needed.
If a patient develops withdrawal reactions, consider pausing the taper or increasing the dosage to the previous tapered dosage level.
If women take this drug during pregnancy, there is a risk that their newborn infants will experience neonatal withdrawal syndrome.
Alcohol
Patients should be advised that since their tolerance for alcohol and other CNS depressants will be diminished in the presence of lorazepam, CNS depressants should be avoided or taken in reduced dose and alcohol should be avoided.
Risks from concomitant use with opioids:
Concomitant use of lorazepam and opioids may result in sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. Because of these risks, concomitant prescribing of benzodiazepines and opioids should be reserved for patients for whom alternative treatment options are not possible.
If a decision is made to prescribe lorazepam concomitantly with opioids, the lowest effective dose should be used and the duration of treatment should be as short as possible (see also general dose recommendation in section 4.2).
The patients should be followed closely for signs and symptoms of respiratory depression and sedation. In this respect, it is strongly recommended to inform patients and their caregivers (where applicable) to be aware of these symptoms (see Section 4.5).
Anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reactions
Severe anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reactions have been reported with benzodiazepine use. Following ingestion of the first dose or subsequent doses of benzodiazepines, cases of angioedema involving the tongue, glottis or larynx have been reported. Some patients have experienced other symptoms while taking benzodiazepines, such as dyspnoea, swelling of the throat or nausea and vomiting. Some patients had to be treated as a medical emergency. If angioedema occurs with involvement of the tongue, glottis or larynx, airway occlusion may occur and may be fatal. In patients experiencing angioedema during treatment with a benzodiazepine, re-exposure to the medicinal product should not take place.
Elderly patients
Lorazepam should be used with caution in elderly due to the risk of sedation and/or musculoskeletal weakness that can increase the risk of falls, with serious consequences in this population. Elderly patients should be given a reduced dose (see section 4.2).
Elderly patients should be warned of the risk of falls.
Paediatric population
Children and adolescents under 18 years should not be treated with lorazepam, unless strictly indicated for sedation prior to diagnostic procedures, as well as before surgical procedures. For children under 6 years, lorazepam is contraindicated.
Excipients
Lorazepam Aristo contains lactose. Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, total lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption should not take this medicinal product.
When lorazepam is co-administered with other CNS depressants (e.g. neuroleptics, anxiolytics, antidepressants, hypnotics/sedatives, anaesthetics, beta-blockers, opiate-type analgesics, sedative antihistamines, antiepileptics) and alcohol, the CNS-depressant effects may be mutually potentiated.
Alcohol
Concomitant alcohol intake should be avoided.
The sedative effects of lorazepam may be enhanced when the medicinal product is used in combination with alcohol. This affects the ability to drive or operate machines.
Narcotic analgesics/opioids
The concomitant use of benzodiazepines and opioids increases the risk of sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death because of additive CNS depressant effect. The dose and duration of concomitant use should be limited (see Section 4.4). Enhancement of the euphoria induced by narcotic analgesics may occur with benzodiazepine use, leading to an increase in psychic dependence.
Muscle relaxants
The effect of muscle relaxants and analgesics may be potentiated.
Anticonvulsants
Concomitant administration of lorazepam and valproic acid can lead to increased plasma concentrations and reduced clearance of lorazepam. If valproic acid is co-administered, the lorazepam dose should be reduced by approximately 50 %. Phenobarbital taken concomitantly may result in an additive CNS effect.
Cytochrome P-450 enzyme inhibitors
Inhibitors (e.g. cimetidine, isoniazid; erythyromycin; omeprazole; esomeprazole) reduce clearance and may potentiate the action of benzodiazepines. Itraconazole, ketoconazole and to a lesser extent fluconazole and voriconazole are potent inhibitors of the cytochrome P450 isoenzyme CYP3A4 and may increase plasma levels of benzodiazepines. The effects of benzodiazepines may be increased and prolonged by concomitant use. A dose reduction of the benzodiazepine may be required.
Inducers of cytochrome P-450 enzymes (e.g. rifampicin) may increase clearance of benzodiazepines.
Clozapine: With concomitant use of lorazepam and clozapine, marked sedation, excessive salivation and impaired coordination of movement may occur.
Loxapine: concomitant administration has led to reports of excessive stupor, significant reduction in respiratory rate, and in one patient, hypotension.
Antihypertensives, vasodilators and diuretics: Enhanced hypotensive effect with ACE-inhibitors, alpha-blockers, angiotensin-II receptor antagonists, calcium channel blockers, adrenergic neurone blockers, beta-blockers, moxonidine, nitrates, hydralazine, minoxidil, sodium nitroprusside and diuretics
Probenecid: Concomitant administration of lorazepam and probenecid may lead to a more rapid onset of action or a prolonged effect of lorazepam, due to a prolongation in half-life and a decrease in total clearance. If co-administered with probenecid, the lorazepam dose should be reduced by approximately 50 %.
Sodium oxybate
Concomitant use of sodium oxybate should be avoided (enhanced effects of sodium oxybate).
Theophylline/aminophylline: The use of theophylline or aminophylline can reduce the sedative effect of benzodiazepines, including lorazepam.
Other medicinal products enhancing the sedative effect of lorazepam
• Cisapride, lofexidine, nabilone, disulfiram and the muscle relaxants – baclofen and tizanidine
• Enhanced sedative effect with alpha-blockers or moxonidine.
• Dopaminergics: Possible antagonism of the effect of levodopa
• Antacids: Concurrent use may delay absorption of lorazepam
• Zidovudine: Increased zidovudine clearance by lorazepam
• Oestrogen-containing contraceptives: Possible inhibition of hepatic metabolism of lorazepam
Caffeine
Concurrent use may result in reduced sedative and anxiolytic effects of lorazepam.
Grapefruit juice
Inhibition of CYP3A4 may increase the plasma concentration of lorazepam (possible increased sedation and amnesia). This interaction may be of little significance in healthy individuals, but it is not clear if other factors such as old age or liver cirrhosis increase the risk of adverse events with concurrent use.
As the nature and extent of interactions cannot be reliably predicted in individual cases among patients on long-term treatment with other medicinal products, particular caution should be exercised, especially at the start of treatment.
Pregnancy
Lorazepam should not be used during pregnancy, especially during the first and last trimesters. Benzodiazepines may cause foetal damage when administered to pregnant women. Cases of malformation and mental retardation of prenatally exposed children after overdose and poisoning have been reported. If the medicinal product is prescribed to a woman of childbearing potential, she should be warned to contact her physician regarding discontinuance of the medicinal product if she intends to become or suspects that she is pregnant.
If, for compelling medical reasons, the medicinal product is administered during the late phase of pregnancy, or during labour at high doses, effects on the newborn infant such as hypothermia, hypotonia and moderate respiratory depression, apnoea, feeding difficulties and impaired metabolic response to cold stress ("floppy infant syndrome") can be expected due to the pharmacological action of the compound.
Moreover, infants born to mothers who took benzodiazepines chronically during the later stages of pregnancy may have developed physical dependence and may be at some risk for developing withdrawal symptoms in the postnatal period.
Breastfeeding
As lorazepam is excreted in human milk, it should not be taken during breastfeeding, unless the expected benefit for the woman outweighs the potential risk to the infant (see section 5.2). Sedation and inability to suckle have occurred in neonates of lactating mothers taking benzodiazepines Infants of breastfeeding mothers should be monitored for pharmacological effects (e.g. sedation, irritability).
Even when used as directed, lorazepam has a major influence on the ability to drive and use machines. This particularly applies in interaction with alcohol.
Thus, patients should refrain from driving, using machines or engaging in any other hazardous activities, until it has been shown that their responsiveness is not impaired by lorazepam. The decision should be made by the attending physician in each individual case, taking into account the individual response and the respective dosage.
Adverse reactions are to be expected especially at the start of treatment, if the dose is too high and in the patient groups mentioned in sections 4.3 and 4.4. They may resolve spontaneously during the course of further therapy and/or upon dose reduction.
The following categories are used for expressing the frequency of adverse reactions:
Very common: ≥1/10
Common: ≥1/100 to <1/10
Uncommon: ≥1/1,000 to <1/100
Rare: ≥ /10,000 to <1/1,000
Very rare: <1/10,000
Not known: cannot be estimated from the available data
Blood and lymphatic system disorders
Very rare:
Not known:
leucopenia
thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, pancytopenia
Psychiatric disorders
Drug dependence (see section 4.4)
Nervous system disorders
Benzodiazepines cause dose-dependent CNS depression.
Very common:
Common:
Uncommon:
Rare:
Not known:
sedation, fatigue, drowsiness
ataxia, confusion, depression, unmasking of depression, dizziness
changes in libido, impotence, less intense orgasm
reduced alertness
prolonged response times, extrapyramidal symptoms, tremor, visual disturbances (diplopia, blurred vision), dysarthria/slurred speech, headache, convulsions/seizures, amnesia, disinhibition, euphoria, coma, suicidal thoughts/attempt, impaired attentiveness/concentration, balance disorders, vertigo paradoxical reactions, such as anxiety, states of agitation, delusion, excitability, aggressive behaviour (hostility, aggression, rage), sleep disorders/insomnia, sexual arousal, hallucinations, psychoses. If such reactions occur, treatment with Lorazepam Aristo should be terminated.
Cardiac disorders
Not known:
hypotension, slight decrease in blood pressure
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Not known:
respiratory depression (dose-dependent in severity), apnoea, aggravation of sleep apnoea, aggravation of obstructive pulmonary disease
Gastrointestinal disorders
Uncommon:
Rare:
Not known:
nausea
salivation changes
constipation
Hepatobiliary disorders
Not known:
elevated bilirubin, jaundice, elevated liver transaminases, elevated alkaline phosphatase
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
Rare:
Not known:
rash
allergic skin reactions, alopecia
General disorders and administration site conditions
Common:
Not known:
muscle weakness, lassitude
hypersensitivity reactions, anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reactions, angioedema, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), hyponatraemia, hypothermia
Drug withdrawal symptoms (see 4.4 Special warnings and precautions).
Symptoms reported following discontinuation of benzodiazepines include headaches, muscle pain, anxiety, tension, depression, insomnia, restlessness, confusion, irritability, sweating, and the occurrence of “rebound” phenomena whereby the symptoms that led to treatment with benzodiazepines recur in an enhanced form. These symptoms may be difficult to distinguish from the original symptoms for which the drug was prescribed.
In severe cases the following symptoms may occur: derealisation; depersonalisation; hyperacusis; tinnitus; numbness and tingling of the extremities; hypersensitivity to light, noise, and physical contact; involuntary movements; hyperreflexia, tremor, nausea, vomiting; diarrhoea, abdominal cramps, loss of appetite, agitation, palpitations, tachycardia, panic attacks, vertigo, short-term memory loss, hallucinations/delirium; catatonia; hyperthermia, convulsions. Convulsions may be more common in patients with pre-existing seizure disorders or who are taking other drugs that lower the convulsive threshold such as antidepressants.
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme at www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store.
Patients should be informed of the signs and symptoms of overdose and to ensure that family and friends are also aware of these signs and to seek immediate medical help if they occur.
As a basic rule, the possibility of multiple intoxication, e.g. ingestion of several medicinal products with suicidal intent, should always be considered. From the spontaneous reporting system, there have been known cases of overdose with lorazepam, mainly in combination with alcohol and/or other medicinal products.
Symptoms of intoxication
A benzodiazepine overdose usually manifests as CNS depression of varying degrees of severity, ranging from drowsiness to comatose states.
Symptoms of a mild overdose may include drowsiness, confusion, somnolence, lethargy, ataxia, dysarthria, paradoxical reactions, hypotonia of the muscle system and decrease in blood pressure. In cases of severe intoxication, central respiratory and circulatory depression, unconsciousness and fatalities can occur (intensive monitoring is required). In the regression phase of intoxication, severe states of agitation have been observed.
Treatment of intoxication
Generally standard supportive and symptomatic measures are recommended; vital parameters must be monitored. Induced vomiting is not recommended if there is a risk of aspiration. Gastric lavage may be indicated if performed in good time, or in patients with symptoms of intoxication. Absorption can also be limited by administration of activated charcoal. Assisted respiration for respiratory failure. Hypotension can be treated with plasma replacement fluid.
Although in severe cases, flumazenil, a specific benzodiazepine antagonist, can be used as an antidote, this is only one component of comprehensive medical treatment of an overdose. In this regard, seizures can occur. Lorazepam is hardly removed by dialysis.
Ask anything about Lorazepam 1 mg Orodispersible tablets. The assistant answers only from this leaflet — if the leaflet does not cover it, it will say so. It does not give medical advice.
Answers come from the patient leaflet published on the electronic medicines compendium (emc). They are not medical advice. Ask a pharmacist or your GP if you are unsure. For urgent help call NHS 111, or 999 in an emergency.
We use essential cookies to make the site work. We would also like to set optional cookies to understand how the site is used, so we can improve it. We will not set optional cookies unless you accept. See our cookie policy and privacy policy.