Pharmacy Guide

Patient leaflets and SmPCs, drug interaction checker, official dosages and NHS pharmacy opening hours — all in one place.

Pharmacy Guide

Patient leaflets and SmPCs, drug interaction checker, official dosages and NHS pharmacy opening hours — all in one place.

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Furosemide 10 mg/ml Solution for Injection

⚠ This medicine appears to have been discontinued

The electronic medicines compendium (emc) no longer publishes a Summary of Product Characteristics for this product, which usually means it is no longer marketed in the UK. The patient leaflet below is kept for reference, but the product may not be available.

If you were prescribed this medicine, other products containing Furosemide may still be available. Do not stop your treatment — ask your pharmacist or GP what to use instead.

Active substance: Furosemide

Equivalent medicines (same active substance, strength and form)

Source: electronic medicines compendium (emc)
Official leaflet: Read the PIL on emc

What it is and what it is used for

for

Furosemide 10 mg/ml Solution for Injection contains the active substance furosemide. Furosemide is one of a group of medicines called diuretics (water tablets). What Furosemide 10 mg/ml Solution for Injection is used for Furosemide 10 mg/ml solution for injection can be used to help you lose extra water in your body very quickly. It is given when you cannot take a tablet or when you have a lot of extra water in your body. Furosemide 10 mg/ml solution for injection is often used when you have too much water around your heart, lungs, liver or kidneys. How Furosemide 10 mg/ml solution for injection works Furosemide 10 mg/ml solution for injection works by helping you to pass more water (urine) than you usually do. If the extra water in your body is not removed, it can put extra strain on the heart, blood vessels, lungs, kidneys or liver. 2.

What you need to know before you take it

e Furosemide 10 mg/ml Solution for Injection Do not take Furosemide 10 mg/mL Solution for Injection : • If you are allergic (hypersensitive) to furosemide or any of the other ingredients of Furosemide 10 mg/ml Solution for Injection (listed in section 6 below). Signs of an allergic reaction include: a rash, swallowing or breathing problems, swelling of your lips, face, throat or tongue • If you are allergic to sulphonamides such as sulfadiazine or co-trimoxazole • If you have been told by a doctor that you have kidney failure. In some types of kidney failure, it is still okay to have this medicine. Your doctor will be able to decide • If you have severe liver problems • If your doctor has told you that you have a low blood volume or are dehydrated • If uou are not passing any water (urine) • If you have too little potassium or sodium in your blood (shown in blood tests) • If you are breast-feeding (see "Pregnancy and breast-feeding" section below) Do not use Furosemide 10 mg/ml Solution for Injection if any of the above apply to you. If you are not sure, talk to your doctor or nurse before being given Furosemide 10 mg/ml Solution for Injection. Warnings and precautions Talk to your doctor or pharmacist or nurse before taking Furosemide 10 mg/ml Solution for Injection • You have difficulty in passing water (urine) • You are 65 years of age or older • You are taking an antipsychotic drug called risperidone • You have low levels of protein in your blood (hypoproteninaemia). This will show in blood tests. • You suffer from acute porphyria symptoms of which may include severe stomach, back or thigh pain. Nausea, vomiting or constipation may also present along with weakness in arms and legs. • You have liver or kidney problems • You have diabetes • You have low blood pressure or feel dizzy when you stand up • You have prostate problems • You have gout • You feel dizzy or dehydrated. This can happen if you have lost a lot of water through being sick, having diarrhoea or passing water very often. It can also happen if you are having trouble drinking or eating • You are going to have a glucose test • If the person having the medicine is a premature infant. This is due to the possible formation of kidney stones • You have systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) – a disease of the immune system which affects skin, bones, joints and internal organs • If you are elderly, if you are on other medications which can cause a drop in blood pressure and if you have other medical conditions that are risks for the drop of blood pressure. If you are not sure if any of the above apply to you, talk to your doctor or nurse before being given Furosemide 10 mg/ml Solution for Injection. Other medicines and Furosemide 10 mg/ml Solution for Injection Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking, have recently taken or might take any other medicines. This includes medicines you buy without a prescription, including herbal medicines. This is because Furosemide 10 mg/ml solution for injection can affect the way some other medicines work. Also, some medicines can affect the way Furosemide 10 mg/ml solution for injection works. In particular, tell your doctor if you are taking any of the following: The following medicines can affect the way Furosemide 10 mg/ml solution for injection works and increase the chance of you getting side effects: • Medicines such as ramipril, enalapril, perindopril (called 'ACE inhibitors') or losartan, candesartan, irbesartan (called 'angiotensin II receptor antagonists'). Your doctor may need to change the dose of your tablets or ask you to stop taking them • Medicines for high blood pressure or heart problems. Your doctor may need to change the dose of your medicine • Medicines to help you sleep and relax such as chloral hydrate • Medicines used as a general anaesthetic for relaxing your muscles during surgery • Medicines for diabetes. These may not work as well when you are using Furosemide 10 mg/ml solution for injection • Theophylline – used for wheezing or difficulty in breathing • Phenytoin – used for epilepsy. This can lower the effect of Furosemide 10 mg/ml solution for injection • Risperidone – an antipsychotic drug. The following medicines can increase the chance of side effects when taken with Furosemide 10 mg/ml solution for injection • Lithium – used for mental illnesses. To help stop side effects your doctor may need to change the dose of your lithium and check the amount of lithium in your blood • Cisplatin – used for some cancers • Digoxin – used for heart problems. Your doctor may need to change the dose of your medicine • Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) – used for pain and inflammation such as aspirin, ibuprofen, ketoprofen or indometacin • Carbamazepine – used for epilepsy • Aminoglutethimide – used for breast cancer • Ciclosporin – used to stop the rejection of organs after a transplant • Methotrexate – used for cancers of the skin, joint or bowel diseases • Carbenoxolone and sucralfate – used for ulcers of the foodpipe (gullet) • Reboxetine – used for depression • Amphotericin – used for fungal infections if used for a long time • Corticosteroids – used for inflammation (such as prednisolone) • Liquorice – often used in cough medicines if taken in large amounts • Probenecid (used with another HIV medicine) • Medicines for infection such as gentamicin, amikacin, neomycin, netilmicin, tobramicin, vancomycin or high doses of cephalosporins • Medicines used before X-ray examinations (radiocontrast agents) • Medicines used for constipation (laxatives) if used for a long time such as bisacodyl or senna • Medicines for asthma when given in high doses such as salbutamol, terbutaline sulphate, salmeterol, formoterol or bambuterol • Other water tablets (diuretics) such as bendroflumethiazide and metolazone. • Medicines used for thyroid problems such as levothroxine Your doctor may need to change the dose of your medicine Pregnancy, breast-feeding and fertility Do not have Furosemide 10 mg/ml Solution for injection if you are pregnant. If you are pregnant or breast-feeding, think you may be pregnant or are planning to have a baby, ask your doctor or pharmacist for advice before taking this medicine. Do not breast-feed if you are being given Furosemide 10 mg/ml solution for injection. This is because small amounts may pass into the mother's milk. Talk to your doctor before having this medicine if you are breastfeeding or planning to breast-feed. Ask your doctor or nurse for advice before taking any medicine if you are pregnant or breast-feeding. Driving and using machines You may feel dizzy or unwell after having Furosemide 10 mg/ml Solution for injection. If this happens, do not drive or use any tools or machines. Furosemide 10 mg/ml Solution for injection contains This medicinal product contains less than 1 mmol sodium (=23 mg) per dose, that is to say essentially 'sodium -free'. 3.

How to take Furosemide 10 mg/ml Solution for Injection

Furosemide 10 mg/ml Solution for injection is normally given by a doctor or nurse. This is because it needs to be given as an intravenous infusion (diluted or non diluted) or intramuscular injection. Furosemide 10 mg/ml Solution for injection is only given, when tablets can not be taken.

How to take it

If you are not sure why you are being given Furosemide 10 mg/ml Solution for injection or have any questions about how much Furosemide 10 mg/ml Solution for injection is being given to you, speak to your doctor or nurse. The usual doses are: Adults and the elderly The initial dose is 20mg to 50mg. This will then be gradually increased up to a maximum dose of 1500mg per day. If you are elderly you may be given a lower dose. Use in children The usual dose for children ranges from 0.5 to 1.5mg/kg body weight daily up to a maximum total daily dose of 20mg. If you take more Furosemide 10 mg/ml Solution for Injection than you should It is unlikely that your doctor or nurse will give you too much medicine. Your doctor and nurse will monitor your progress, and check the medicine you are given. Always ask if you are not sure why you are getting a dose of medicine. Having too much Furosemide 10 mg/ml Solution for Injection may make you feel confused, unable to focus, show a lack emotion or interest in anything. You may also have dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting (due to low blood pressure), uneven heartbeat, muscle weakness or cramps and blood clots (signs include pain and swelling at the part of body that is affected). You may also have problems with your kidneys or blood. If you forget to take Furosemide 10 mg/ml Solution for Injection Your doctor or nurse will have instructions on when to give you this medicine. It is unlikely that you will not be given the medicine as it has been prescribed. However, if you do think you have missed a dose, tell your doctor or nurse. If you stop taking Furosemide 10 mg/ml Solution for Injection: Keep having Furosemide 10 mg/ml Solution for Injection until your doctor tells you to stop. Blood tests Your doctor may carry out blood tests to check that the levels of some salts in the blood are at the correct levels. If you have any further questions on the use of this medicine, ask your doctor, pharmacist or nurse.

4.

Possible side effects

Like all medicines, this medicine can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them. Tell your doctor or nurse straight away if you notice any of the following serious side effects – you may need urgent medical treatment • •

If you have an allergic reaction. The signs may include a rash, joint pain, fever (systemic lupus erythematosus), inflammation of the kidney (nephritis), swollen ankles or high blood pressure, skin rashes, change in skin colour, severe blistering of the skin, being more sensitive to the sun than usual, high temperature (fever), and itching You bruise more easily, get more infections, feel weak or tired more than usual. Furosemide 10 mg/ml Solution for Injection can affect the number of blood cells, causing serious blood problems.

Very common (affects more than 1 in 10 people): • Increased thirst, headache, feeling dizzy or light-headed, fainting, confusion, muscle or joint pains or weakness, cramps or spasms, stomach upsets or uneven heartbeats. These could be signs of dehydration or changes in your normal body chemicals. Severe dehydration can lead to blood clots or 'gout' Common (affects less than 1 in 10 people): • You notice yellowing of your skin or eyes and your urine becomes darker in colour. These could be signs of a liver problem. In patients who already have liver problems, a more serious liver problem known as liver encephalopathy may occur. Symptoms include forgetfulness, fits, mood changes and coma. Rare (affects less than 1 in 1,000 people): • Severe allergic reactions. The signs may include shock such as difficulty in breathing, cold clammy skin, pale skin colour and racing heart beat • Inflammation of your blood vessels (vasculitis). Symptoms may include fever, loss of appetite, weight loss, aches and pains. Very rare (affects less than 1 in 10,000 people): • Severe stomach or back pain. These could be signs of 'pancreatitis' Frequency unknown: • You find it hard to urinate. This could be a symptom of acute urinary retention. • You suffer from a kidney disorder where there is an increased amount of calcium in your kidneys. This could be a symptom of nephrocalcinosis. • You suffer from blood in your urine or pain in your abdomen or groin. This could be a sign of kidney stones (nephrolithiasis). • Blistering or peeling of the skin around the lips, eyes, mouth, nose and genitals, flu-like symptoms and fever. This could be a condition called Stevens-Johnson syndrome. In a more severe form of the condition called Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis, layers of the skin may peel off to leave large areas of raw exposed skin all over the body. • You have blood clots • Acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP)" (acute febrile drug eruption) • Side effect with frequency not known: Lichenoid reactions, characterized as small, itchy, reddish-purple, polygon-shaped lesions on the skin, genitals or in the mouth. • You have muscle weakness, tenderness or pain. You may also feel unwell or have a high temperature. You may have something called "rhabdomyolysis". This is a rare but serious illness that may be life-threatening. Tell your doctor as soon as possible if you have any of the following side effects: Very common (affects more than 1 in 10 people): • Headaches, feeling dizzy or light-headed when standing up quickly. Also loss of concentration, slower reactions, feeling sleepy or weak, problems with your sight, dry mouth. This could be due to low blood pressure • Change in the amount of some salts (such as calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium and chloride) which are needed for your body to work properly. Signs include increased thirst, headaches, low blood pressure, confusion, muscle cramps, muscle weakness, fast or irregular heart rate and stomach upset. Uncommon (affects less than 1 in 100 people): • Problems hearing • Deafness (sometimes irreversible) Rare (affects less than 1 in 1,000 people): • Tingling or feeling numb on the skin Very rare (affects less than 1 in 10,000 people): • Ringing in the ears (tinnitus). This especially affects people who already have problems with their kidneys • Reduction in blood cells which can cause bruising, make infections more likely, make skin pale yellow or cause weakness or breathlessness (anaemia) Frequency unknown: • Change in the levels of some salts (such as sodium or chloride) in the urine • Dizziness, fainting or loss of consciousness caused by symptomatic hypotension or by other causes), headache. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if any of the following side effects get serious or lasts longer than a few days, or if you notice any side effects not listed in this leaflet Common (affects less than 1 in 10 people): • Passing more water (urine) than you usually do. This normally happens 1 or 2 hours after taking this medicine Uncommon (affects less than 1 in 100 people): • Feeling sick (nausea) or a general feeling of being unwell • If you have diabetes you may be less able to control the levels of glucose in your blood Rare (affects less than 1 in 1,000 people): • Diarrhoea and being sick (vomiting) Very rare (affects less than 1 in 10,000 people): • An illness where the removal of bile from the liver is blocked (intrahepatic cholestasis). Signs include jaundice, rash or fever and the colour of your water (urine) becomes darker Frequency unknown: • People with bladder and prostate problems may notice pain when passing water. This is due to an increase in the amount of water passed • Pain at the site of injection. This occurs when the medicine is injected into the muscle Blood tests Furosemide 10 mg/ml Solution for Injection can change the levels of liver enzymes or body fats known as cholesterol and triglycerides. A blood test may show changes in the way the kidneys are working, indicating a significant reduction in kidney function. Reporting of side effects If you get any side effects, talk to your doctor, pharmacist or nurse. This includes any possible side effects not listed in this leaflet. You can also report side effects directly (see details below). By reporting side effects you can help provide more information on the safety of this medicine.

Ireland HPRA Pharmacovigilance Website: www.hpra.ie, 5.

How to store it

Furosemide 10 mg/ml Solution for Injection Your doctor or hospital pharmacist will know how to store Furosemide10 mg/ml Solution for injection. Keep this medicine out of the sight and reach of children. It should be stored below 25°C and kept in original package in order to protect from light. Do not use this medicine after the expiry date which is stated on the ampoule and carton after "Exp". The expiry date refers to the last day of that month.

1400008719

United Kingdom Yellow Card Scheme Website: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellow card or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store

This medicine must be kept in the original pack to protect from light. Your doctor or pharmacist will ensure that Furosemide 10 mg/ml Injection is protected from light once prepared for use. Do not throw away any medicines via wastewater or household waste. Ask your pharmacist how to throw away medicines you no longer use. These measures will help to protect the environment. 6.

Contents of the pack and other information

What Furosemide 10 mg/ml Solution for Injection contains Each ml of solution contains 10 mg of Furosemide as the active substance. The other ingredients are: Sodium hydroxide, Sodium chloride, Hydrochloric acid, Water for Injections What Furosemide 10 mg/ml Solution for Injection looks like and the contents of the pack Furosemide 10 mg/ml Solution for Injection is a clear and colourless solution, essentially free from visible particles. It is available in amber coloured glass ampoules containing 2ml or 5ml of solution. Each box contains 10 or 25 ampoules. Not all packs sizes may be marketed. Marketing Authorization Holder: United Kingdom: Baxter Healthcare Limited Caxton Way Thetford, Norfolk IP24 3SE Ireland: Baxter Holding B.V. Kobaltweg 49, 3542CE Utrecht, Netherlands Manufacturer: Baxter Boulevard René Branquart, 80 7860 Lessines Belgium This leaflet was last revised in: 08/2025 Information to health care professionals Single dose container. Use immediately after first opening. Furosemide should not be mixed with strong acid solutions (pH lower than 5.5), such as solutions containing ascorbic acid, noradrenaline and adrenaline, due to the risk of precipitation. After dilution Furosemide 10 mg / ml Solution for Injection may be mixed with neutral and weak alkaline solution with pH between 7 and 10, such as 0.9% sodium chloride and Ringer's lactate solution but must be used within 24 hours of dilution. From a microbiological point of view, the product should be used immediately. If not used immediately, in-use storage times and conditions prior to use are the responsibility of user and would not normally be longer than 24 hours at 2 to 8°C, unless dilution has taken place in controlled and validated aseptic conditions.

Frequently asked questions about Furosemide 10 mg/ml Solution for Injection

How do I take Furosemide 10 mg/ml Solution for Injection?

Furosemide 10 mg/ml Solution for Injection comes as injection containing 10mg/ml. Always follow the dose your doctor or pharmacist has given you, and read the leaflet that comes with the medicine.

What is the active substance in Furosemide 10 mg/ml Solution for Injection?

The active substance in Furosemide 10 mg/ml Solution for Injection is furosemide.

Are there equivalent medicines to Furosemide 10 mg/ml Solution for Injection?

Medicines with the same active substance, strength and form include: Furosemide 10 mg/ml solution for injection/infusion, Furosemide 10 mg/ml solution for injection/infusion. They are interchangeable only if your prescriber or pharmacist says so.

Where does this information come from?

This leaflet reproduces the patient information leaflet approved for Furosemide 10 mg/ml Solution for Injection, as published on the electronic medicines compendium (emc). The version printed inside your medicine’s packaging is the one that applies to you.

Can I get Furosemide 10 mg/ml Solution for Injection without a prescription?

Whether a medicine is available over the counter or on prescription only depends on its licence. Check the leaflet, or ask your pharmacist — they can tell you straight away.

About this leaflet

The text above reproduces the patient information leaflet approved for this medicine, restructured for easier reading.

Medical disclaimer: This page is for information only and does not replace advice from your doctor or pharmacist. Always read the leaflet supplied with your medicine. If you are unwell, call NHS 111; in an emergency, call 999.

Medicines with the same active substance: Furosemide (25 medicines)
See every medicine containing this substance, or browse the full A–Z of active substances.
⚕For healthcare professionals — Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)Full SmPC: dosage, interactions, contraindications, warnings+
Technical information intended for healthcare professionals (doctors and pharmacists). The Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) is the official document approved by the MHRA/EMA. It does not replace the patient leaflet or a doctor’s advice.

4.1. Therapeutic indications

Furosemide 10 mg/ml Solution for Injection is used for the management of fluid retention and for the management of mild to moderate hypertension, either alone or as an adjunct.

4.2. Posology and method of administration

General: The dose used must be the lowest that is sufficient to achieve the desired effect.

Route of administration: intravenous or intramuscular

Furosemide is given intravenously only when oral administration is not feasible or is ineffective (e.g. in impaired intestinal absorption) or if a rapid effect is required. If intravenous therapy is used, it is recommended that transfer to oral therapy be carried out as soon as possible.

Intravenous furosemide must always be injected or infused slowly, a rate of 4 mg per minute must not be exceeded. The diuretic effect of Furosemide 10 mg/ml Solution for Injection is proportional to the dosage.

In patients with severe impairment of renal function (serum creatinine >5 mg/dl), it is recommended that an infusion rate of 2.5 mg per minute is not exceeded.

Intramuscular administration must be restricted to exceptional cases where neither oral nor intravenous administration are feasible. It must be noted that intramuscular injection is not suitable for the treatment of acute conditions such as pulmonary oedema.

To achieve optimum efficacy and suppress counter-regulation, a continuous furosemide infusion is generally to be preferred to repeated bolus injections. Where continuous furosemide infusion is not feasible for follow-up treatment after one or several acute bolus doses, a follow-up regimen with low doses given at short intervals (approx. 4 hours) is to be preferred to a regimen with higher bolus doses at longer intervals.

Doses of 20 to 50 mg intramuscularly or intravenously may be given initially. If larger doses are required, they should be given increasing by 20 mg increments and not given more often than every two hours. If doses greater than 50 mg are required it is recommended that they be given by slow intravenous infusion.

The recommended maximum daily dose of furosemide administration is 1500 mg. For information on handling and dilution please see section 6.6 Instructions for use/handling

Children:

Parenteral doses for children range from 0.5 to 1.5 mg/kg body weight daily up to a maximum total daily dose of 20 mg.

Elderly:

In the elderly furosemide is generally eliminated more slowly. Dosage should be titrated until the required response is achieved.

4.3. Contraindications

Patients with hypovolaemia or dehydration, anuria or renal failure with anuria not responding to furosemide, renal failure as a result of poisoning by nephrotoxic or hepatotoxic agents or renal failure associated with hepatic coma, severe hypokalaemia, severe hyponatraemia, pre-comatose and comatose states associated with hepatic encephalopathy and breast feeding women.

Hypersensitivity to the furosemide or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1.

. Patients allergic to sulphonamides may show cross-sensitivity to furosemide.

4.4. Special warnings and precautions for use

Too vigorous diuresis may cause orthostatic hypotension or acute hypotensive episodes.

Where indicated, steps should be taken to correct hypotension or hypovolaemia before commencing therapy.

Regular monitoring of serum sodium, potassium and creatinine is generally recommended during furosemide therapy; particularly close monitoring is required in patients at high risk of developing electrolyte imbalances or in case of significant additional fluid loss.

Hypovolaemia or dehydration as well as any significant electrolyte and acid-base disturbances must be corrected. This may require temporary discontinuation of furosemide.

Urinary output must be secured. In patients with a partial obstruction of urinary outflow increased production of urine may provoke or aggravate complaints. These patients require careful monitoring. Patients with partial obstruction of urinary outflow, for example patients with prostatic hypertrophy or impairment of micturition have an increased risk of developing acute retention and require careful monitoring.

Particularly careful monitoring is necessary in:

• patients with hypotension.

• patients who are at risk from a pronounced fall in blood pressure.

• patients with latent or manifest diabetes. Furosemide may necessitate adjustment of control by hypoglycaemic agents in cases of diabetes mellitus.

• patients with gout

• patients with hepatorenal syndrome

• patients with hypoproteinaemia, e.g. associated with nephritic syndrome (the effect of furosemide may be weakened and its ototoxicity potentiated). Cautious dose titration is required.

• premature infants (possible development nephrocalcinosis nephrolithiasis; renal function must be monitored and renal ultrasonography performed).

The use of diuretics is considered to be unsafe in acute porphyria therefore caution should be exercised.

Concomitant use with risperidone

In risperidone placebo controlled trials in elderly patients with dementia, a higher incidence of mortality was observed in patients treated with furosemide plus risperidone when compared to patients treated with risperidone alone or furosemide alone. Cautions should be exercised and the risks and benefits of this combination or co-treatment should be considered prior to the decision to use. Dehydration should be avoided.

The possibility exists of exacerbation or activation of systemic lupus erythematosus hence caution should be taken when administering frusemide to patients with a history of SLE.

Symptomatic hypotension leading to dizziness, fainting or loss of consciousness can occur in patients treated with furosemide, particularly in the elderly, patients on other medications which can cause hypotension and patients with other medical conditions that are risks for hypotension.

This medicinal product contains less than 1 mmol sodium (= 23 mg) per dose, that is to say essentially 'sodium- free'.

4.5. Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction

The concomitant administration of this preparation with cardiac glycosides or hypotensive agents may necessitate adjustment of the dosage of those drugs.

The harmful effects of nephrotoxic drugs on the kidney may be increased.

Impairment of renal function may develop in patients receiving treatment with furosemide and high doses of certain cephalosporins.

Oral furosemide and sucralfate must not be taken within 2 hours of each other because sucralfate decreases the absorption of furosemide from the intestine and so reduces its effect.

Corticosteroids, corticotrophin and amphotericin B, also cause potassium loss and severe potassium depletion may occur when administered concurrently with furosemide. Carbenoxolone, liquorice in large amounts, B2 sympathomimetics, prolonged use of laxatives, reboxetine and amphotericin may increase the risk of developing hypokalaemia.

Corticosteroids administered concurrently may cause sodium retention.

If antihypertensive agents, diuretics or other drugs, with blood-pressure-lowering potential are given concomitantly with furosemide, a more pronounced fall in blood pressure must be anticipated.

Concomitant administration of carbamazepine or aminoglutethimide may increase the risk of hyponatraemia.

Furosemide decreases the excretion of lithium salts and may cause increased serum lithium levels, resulting in increased lithium toxicity, including increased risk of cardiotoxic and neurotoxic effects of lithium. Therefore, it is recommended that lithium levels are carefully monitored in patients receiving this combination.

Concomitant use of ciclosporine A and furosemide is associated with increased risk of gouty arthritis secondary to furosemide induced hyperuricaemia and cyclosporine impairment of renal urate excretion.

Patients who are at high risk of radiocontrast nephropathy treated with furosemide experienced a higher incidence of deterioration in renal function after receiving radiocontrast compared to high-risk patients who received only intravenous hydration prior to receiving radiocontrast.

Patients who are receiving diuretics may suffer severe hypotension and deterioration in renal function, including cases of renal failure, especially when an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) or angiotensin II receptor antagonist is given for the first time or for the first time in an increased dose. Consideration must be given to interrupting the administration of furosemide temporarily or at least reducing the dose of furosemide for three days before starting treatment with, or increasing the dose of, an ACE inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor antagonist.

Concomitant administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs including acetylsalicyclic acid and Indomethacin may reduce the effect of furosemide. In patients with dehydration or hypovolaemia, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may cause acute renal failure. Salicylate toxicity may be increased by furosemide.

In isolated cases intravenous administration of furosemide within 24 hours of taking chloral hydrate may lead to flushing, sweating attacks, restlessness, nausea, increase in blood pressure and tachycardia. Use of furosemide concomitantly with chloral hydrate is, therefore, not recommended.

Furosemide may potentiate the ototoxicity of aminoglycosides and other ototoxic drugs. Since this may lead to irreversible damage, these drugs must only be used with furosemide if there are compelling medical reasons.

There is a risk of ototoxic effects if cisplatin and furosemide are given concomitantly. In addition, nephrotoxicity of cisplatin may be enhanced if furosemide is not given in low doses (e.g. 40 mg in patients with normal renal function) and with positive fluid balance when used to achieve forced diuresis during cisplatin treatment.

Some electrolyte disturbances (e.g. hypokalaemia, hypomagnesaemia) may increase the toxicity of certain other drugs (e.g. digitalis preparations and drugs inducing QT interval prolongation syndrome).

Attenuation of the effect of furosemide may occur following concurrent administration of phenytoin.

Severe diuresis may occur if metolazone is administered concomitantly.

Probenecid, methotrexate and other drugs which, like furosemide, undergo significant renal tubular secretion may reduce the effect of furosemide. Conversely, furosemide may decrease renal elimination of these drugs. In case of high-dose treatment (in particular, of both furosemide and the other drugs), this may lead to increased serum levels and an increased risk of adverse effects due to furosemide or the concomitant medication.

The effects of antidiabetic drugs and blood pressure increasing sympathomimetics (e.g. epinephrine, norepinephrine) may be reduced. The effects of curare-type muscle relaxants or of theophylline may be increased.

Risperidone: Caution should be exercised and the risks and benefits of the combination or co-treatment with furosemide should be considered prior to the decision to use (see section 4.4).

Levothyroxine: High doses of furosemide may inhibit binding of thyroid hormones to carrier proteins and thereby lead to an initial transient increase in free thyroid hormones, followed by an overall decrease in total thyroid hormone levels. Thyroid hormone levels should be monitored.

4.6. Fertility, pregnancy and lactation

Pregnancy

Furosemide crosses the placental barrier. It must not be given during pregnancy unless there are compelling medical reasons. Treatment during pregnancy requires monitoring of foetal growth.

Breast-feeding

Furosemide passes into breast milk and may inhibit lactation. Women must not breast-feed if they are treated with furosemide .

Fertility

The safety of furosemide during fertility has not been established.

4.7. Effects on ability to drive and use machines

Furosemide 10 mg/ml solution for injection has negligible influence on the ability to drive and use machines. Reduced mental alertness may impair ability to drive or operate dangerous machinery.

4.8. Undesirable effects

The frequencies are derived from literature data referring to studies where furosemide is used in a total of 1387 patients, at any dose and in any indication. When the frequency category for the same ADR was different, the highest frequency category was selected.

The following CIOMS frequency rating is used, when applicable:

Very common ≥10%; Common ≥1 and <10%; Uncommon ≥0.1 and <1%; Rare ≥0.01 and <0.1%; Very rare <0.01%; Not known (cannot be estimated from available data).

Metabolism and nutrition disorders

Very Common: electrolyte disturbances (including symptomatic) dehydration and hypovolaemia, especially in elderly patients. Blood creatinine increased, blood triglyceride increased.

Common: hyponatremia, hypochloremia, hypokalaemia, blood cholesterol increased. Blood uric acid increased and attacks of gout, urine volume increased.

Uncommon: glucose tolerance impaired.

Not known: hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, blood urea increased, metabolic alkalosis, Pseudo-Bartter syndrome.

Vascular Disorders

Very Common: Hypotension including orthostatic hypotension.

Rare: vasculitis.

Not known: thrombosis

Renal and urinary disorders

Common : urine volume increased

Rare : tubulointerstitial nephritis

Not known:

- urine sodium increased, urine chloride increase, urine retention (in patients with a partial obstruction of urinary outflow, see section 4.4)

- nephrocalcinosis/nephrolithiasis in premature infants (see section 4.4)

- renal failure (see section 4.5)

Gastrointestinal disorders

Uncommon: nausea,

Rare: vomiting, diarrhoea.

Very Rare: pancreatitis acute

Hepatobiliary disorders

Very Rare: cholestasis, transaminases increased

Ear and labyrinth disorders

Uncommon: hearing disorders. Cases of deafness, sometimes irreversible have been reported after oral or IV administration of furosemide.

Very Rare: tinnitus.

Uncommon: deafness (sometimes irreversible)

Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders

Uncommon: pruritus, urticaria, rashes, dermatitis bullous, erythema multiforme, pemphigoid, dermatitis exfoliative, purpura, photosensitivity reaction

Not known: Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, AGEP (acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis) and DRESS (Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms).

Not Known: acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), lichenoid reactions.

Immune system disorders

Rare: severe anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reactions.

Not known: exacerbation or activation of systemic lupus erythematosus

Nervous system disorders

Rare: paraesthesiae.

Common: hepatic encephalopathy in patients with hepatocellular insufficiency. (see section 4.3)

Not Known: Dizziness, fainting or loss of consciousness (caused by symptomatic hypotension or by other causes), headache.

Blood and the lymphatic system disorders

Common: haemoconcentration.

Uncommon: thrombocytopenia

Rare: leucopoenia, eosinophilia

Very rare: agranulocytosis, aplastic anaemia, haemolytic anaemia.

Congenital and familiar/genetic disorders

Not known: increased risk of persistence of patent ductus arteriosus when furosemide is administered to premature infants oduring the first weeks of life.

General disorders and administration site conditions

Not known: following intramuscular injection, local reactions such as pain.

Rare: fever.

Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders

Not known: cases of rhabdomyolysis have been reported, often in the context of severe hypokalaemia (see section 4.3)

Reporting of suspected adverse reactions

Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorization of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the national reporting system listed in Appendix V.

4.9. Overdose

The clinical picture in acute or chronic overdose depends primarily on the extent and consequences of electrolyte and fluid loss, e.g. hypovolaemia, dehydration, haemoconcentration, cardiac arrhythmias due to excessive diuresis. Symptoms of these disturbances include severe hypotension (progressing to shock), acute renal failure, thrombosis, delirious states, flaccid paralysis, apathy and confusion.

Treatment should therefore be aimed at fluid replacement and correction of the electrolyte imbalance. Together with the prevention and treatment of serious complications resulting from such disturbances and of other effects on the body, this corrective action may necessitate general and specific intensive medical monitoring and therapeutic measures.

No specific antidote to furosemide is known. If ingestion has only just taken place, attempts may be made to limit further systemic absorption of the active ingredient by measures such as gastric lavage or those designated to reduce absorption (e.g., activated charcoal).

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