Pharmacy Guide
Patient leaflets and SmPCs, drug interaction checker, official dosages and NHS pharmacy opening hours — all in one place.
Pharmacy Guide
Patient leaflets and SmPCs, drug interaction checker, official dosages and NHS pharmacy opening hours — all in one place.
Doxapram hydrochloride 20 mg/ml Solution for injection
⚠ This medicine appears to have been discontinued
The electronic medicines compendium (emc) no longer publishes a Summary of Product Characteristics for this product, which usually means it is no longer marketed in the UK. The patient leaflet below is kept for reference, but the product may not be available.
If you were prescribed this medicine, other products containing Doxapram hydrochloride may still be available. Do not stop your treatment — ask your pharmacist or GP what to use instead.
What it is and what it is used for
for Doxapram Injection contains the active substance doxapram hydrochloride. It is used to help you breathe after you have been given an anaesthetic, when your breathing may not be as good as it should be. Also some painkillers used in anaesthesia have the side effect of decreasing your breathing and this medicine can prevent this problem. Your doctor can also use this medicine to speed up your recovery after an anaesthetic and also from associated sleepiness. Doxapram Injection works by increasing the amount of air that goes in and out of your lungs and increases your rate of breathing. This medicine is therefore useful in conditions where breathing properly may be difficult.
What you need to know before you take it
Doxapram Injection
suffer from any of the above. Warnings and precautions Talk to your doctor or nurse before you are given Doxapram Injection:
- If you are wheezing or have problems with your breathing, your doctor will probably give you another drug or oxygen to control this while you are taking Doxapram Injection
- If you suffer from any liver problems
- You have been under anaesthetic, the type of anaesthetic used will affect the way your doctor gives you Doxapram Injection. Your doctor will monitor you closely after having an anaesthetic, as the effects of other drugs used during an operation must be considered when this medicine is being given
- If you have a tumour of the adrenal glands called phaeochromocytoma
- If you have high blood pressure. Tell your doctor if any of these apply to you. Other medicines and Doxapram Injection Tell your doctor if you are taking, have recently taken, or might take any other medicines, including medicines obtained without a prescription. This is extremely important because some medicines can strengthen or weaken the effects of others. In particular, tell your doctor if you are taking any of the following as it may alter their effect:
- Drugs that stimulate certain nerves known as sympathomimetics. These are often used in the treatment of asthma, e.g. salbutamol and terbutaline
- A monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) which is a drug used to treat depression (eg. phenelzine, tranylcypromine)
- Certain anaesthetics such as halothane, cyclopropane and enflurane
- A drug called aminophylline/ theophylline which may be used in the treatment of asthma
- Curare type muscle relaxant drugs (which decrease the muscle tone). Pregnancy and breast-feeding If you are pregnant or breast-feeding, think you may be pregnant or are planning to have a baby, ask your doctor for advice before taking this medicine. This may affect his decision about whether to give you Doxapram Injection or not.
You should not be given Doxapram Injection
- if you are allergic to doxapram hydrochloride or any of the other ingredients of this medicine (listed in section 6).
- if you have very high blood pressure 3. How Doxapram Injection is
- if you are suffering from a state of given to you sudden severe wheezing known as status asthmaticus Your doctor will give you Doxapram
- if you have heart disease Injection by injecting it into one of
- if you suffer from epilepsy or a your veins. The amount you are given similar condition involving fits or will depend on your condition and on convulsions how well you are responding to the
- if you have what is called cerebral medicine. oedema, where there is build up of Adults and the elderly: fluid in the brain The recommended dose that you
- if you have suffered from a stroke would be given is between 1.0 and
- if you suffer from the condition 1.5 mg of this medicine for each kiloknown as hyperthyroidism/ gram that you weigh (e.g. if you weigh thyrotoxicosis (when you have an 70 kilograms you will probably receive overactive thyroid gland and your between 70 mg and 105 mg of this body produces too much of the medicine). This dose may be repeated hormone thyroxine) hourly if necessary.
- if the airways in your lungs or the Use in children and adolescents muscles in the chest wall that you Doxapram Injection is not recomuse to breathe are severely blocked mended for use in children. in any way
- if you have an injury to the head If you are given more Doxapram
- if you suffer from a blood clot in the Injection than you should lung (pulmonary embolism). If your doctor accidentally gives you too much of this medicine you may Make sure your doctor knows if you ——————————————————————————————–
INFORMATION FOR THE HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONAL
The following information is intended for healthcare professionals only: Incompatibilities: Doxapram Injection is incompatible with alkaline solutions such as aminophylline, furosemide and thiopental sodium.
feel the following: your heartbeat becomes irregular, you develop some shortness of breath and your muscle movements become more difficult. Tell your doctor immediately if you feel any of these symptoms. If you have any further questions on the use of this medicine ask your doctor or nurse.
Possible side effects
Like all medicines, this medicine can cause side-effects, although not everybody gets them. All medicines can cause allergic reactions although serious allergic reactions are very rare. Any sudden wheeziness, difficulty in breathing, swelling of the eyelids, face or lips, rash or itching (especially affecting your whole body) should be reported to a doctor immediately. If you develop sudden and severe increase in blood pressure or difficulty in breathing your doctor will stop Doxapram Injection. The following side effects have also been reported: Not known (frequency cannot be estimated from available data):
- feeling feverish, flushed and possibly sweating
- coughing
- shortness of breath
- tightening of the chest and throat
- increased blood pressure
- quicker or slower heartbeat than usual
- warmth at the base of the tummy
- muscle twitches
- chest pain or chest tightness
- increased muscle tone/stiffness (muscle spasticity)
- reflex of toe in response to foot stroke (bilateral Babinski)
- weakness in the limbs, slurred speech or visual disturbances which may be caused by reduced blood supply to the brain
- slight decrease in blood supply to brain
- premature contraction of heart (extrasystoles)
- fits
- headache
- dizziness
- feeling hyperactive
- feeling confused
- having hallucinations (see, hear, smell, taste, or feel something that is not there)
- nausea (feeling sick) and vomiting (being sick)
- salivation
- series of involuntary muscular contractions (clonus)
- increased reflexes in brain function (increased deep tendon reflexes)
- irregular heart beat
- inability to pass urine or sudden passing of urine Children, infants and pre-term newborns Although Doxapram Injection is not recommended for use in children, its use in children is known to cause the following side effects:
- prolonged use of doxapram in premature infants may cause neurodevelopmental delay (some parts of the brain are late in maturing)
- doxapram use in pre-term neonates may cause cardiac problems (significant lengthening of QTc interval on electrocardiogram, sometimes associated with heart block)
- blood in stools, painful swelling of abdominal cavity (abdominal distension), death of tissues in
the portions of bowel (necrotizing enterocolitis), multiple gastric perforations (penetration of wall of the stomach)
- early teeth eruption If any of the side effects persist or become more serious, or if you notice any side effects not listed in this leaflet, please tell your doctor. Reporting of side effects If you get any side effects, talk to your doctor or nurse. This includes any possible side effects not listed in this leaflet. You can also report side effects directly via the Yellow Card Scheme, Website: www.mhra.gov.uk/ yellowcard or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store. By reporting side effects you can help provide more information on the safety of this medicine.
How to store it
Doxapram Injection Your doctor, pharmacist or nurse will know how to store Doxapram Injection properly. Keep this medicine out of the sight and reach of children. Do not use this medicine after the expiry date which is stated on the carton and ampoule label after 'EXP'. The expiry date refers to the last day of that month. Do not refrigerate. Once opened use immediately. For single use only. Discard any unused contents. Do not mix and/or co-administer with other solutions for injection or infusion. Do not throw away any medicines via wastewater or household waste. Ask your pharmacist how to throw away medicines you no longer use. These measures will help protect the environment.
Contents of the pack and other information
What Doxapram Injection contains
- The active substance is doxapram hydrochloride. There is 100 mg of doxapram hydrochloride in 5 ml of the injection (20 mg in each ml of the injection).
- The other ingredient is water for injections. What Doxapram Injection looks like and contents of the pack The name of your medicine is Doxapram hydrochloride 20 mg/ml Solution for Injection and is supplied in glass ampoules packed in a cardboard carton. Each ampoule contains 5ml of a clear colourless sterile solution for injection. Five ampoules are supplied in a carton. Marketing Authorisation Holder and Manufacturer Marketing Authorisation Holder Synchrony Pharma Limited 3 Bunhill Row London EC1Y 8YZ United Kingdom Manufacturer S.A.L.F. S.p.A. Laboratorio Farmacologico Via Marconi, 2 24069 Cenate Sotto (Bergamo) Italy This leaflet was last revised in December 2022.
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Frequently asked questions about Doxapram hydrochloride 20 mg/ml Solution for injection
How do I take Doxapram hydrochloride 20 mg/ml Solution for injection?
Doxapram hydrochloride 20 mg/ml Solution for injection comes as injection containing 20mg/ml. Always follow the dose your doctor or pharmacist has given you, and read the leaflet that comes with the medicine.
What is the active substance in Doxapram hydrochloride 20 mg/ml Solution for injection?
The active substance in Doxapram hydrochloride 20 mg/ml Solution for injection is doxapram hydrochloride.
Are there equivalent medicines to Doxapram hydrochloride 20 mg/ml Solution for injection?
Medicines with the same active substance, strength and form include: Doxapram Hydrochloride BP 20mg/ml Solution for Injection. They are interchangeable only if your prescriber or pharmacist says so.
Where does this information come from?
This leaflet reproduces the patient information leaflet approved for Doxapram hydrochloride 20 mg/ml Solution for injection, as published on the electronic medicines compendium (emc). The version printed inside your medicine’s packaging is the one that applies to you.
Can I get Doxapram hydrochloride 20 mg/ml Solution for injection without a prescription?
Whether a medicine is available over the counter or on prescription only depends on its licence. Check the leaflet, or ask your pharmacist — they can tell you straight away.
About this leaflet
The text above reproduces the patient information leaflet approved for this medicine, restructured for easier reading.
- Source: electronic medicines compendium (emc), Datapharm
- Active substance: doxapram hydrochloride
- Official document: view the original leaflet on emc →
⚕For healthcare professionals — Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)Full SmPC: dosage, interactions, contraindications, warnings+
4.1. Therapeutic indications
Doxapram acts as a ventilatory stimulant and Doxapram hydrochloride is used following anaesthesia to stimulate ventilation in the post-operative period as an aid to the reduction of post-operative pulmonary complications, and to permit the use of effective doses of narcotic analgesics without associated problems of ventilatory depression. Doxapram hydrochloride is also used to increase CNS arousal and spontaneous respiratory activity from inhalational anaesthesia when this would be beneficial.
4.2. Posology and method of administration
Posology
Adults and elderly
The recommended dosage is 1.0 to 1.5mg/kg body weight, administered over a period of 30 seconds or more, which may be repeated at one-hour intervals, if necessary.
Paediatric population
Not recommended
Hepatic impairment
There are no studies to support dosage recommendations in patients with hepatic impairment. However, as Doxapram hydrochloride is metabolized primarily by liver it should be used with care in patients with hepatic dysfunction (see section 4.4).
Renal impairment
There are no studies to support dosage recommendations in patients with renal impairment.
Method of administration
Doxapram hydrochloride is recommended for intravenous use only.
4.3. Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1
- Severe hypertension
- Status asthmaticus
- Coronary artery disease
- Epilepsy and other convulsive disorders
- Cerebral oedema
- Cerebrovascular accident
- Hyperthyroidism /Thyrotoxicosis
- Physical obstruction of the respiratory tract, or conditions resulting in restriction of chest wall, muscles of respiration or alveolar expansion.
- Head injury
- Proven/suspected pulmonary embolism
4.4. Special warnings and precautions for use
- Doxapram hydrochloride should be administered concurrently with oxygen to patients with severe irreversible airways obstruction or severely decreased lung compliance, due to the increased work of breathing in these patients.
- In patients presenting with bronchoconstriction, Doxapram hydrochloride should always be used in conjunction with β-adrenoceptor bronchodilator drugs in order to reduce the amount of respiratory effort.
- As Doxapram hydrochloride is metabolised primarily by the liver, use with care in patients with hepatic dysfunction.
- Doxapram hydrochloride should be administered cautiously to patients receiving sympathomimetic agents since an additive pressor effect may occur.
- Doxapram hydrochloride should be used with great care in patients who are being treated concurrently with monoamine oxidase inhibiting drugs. Animal studies have shown that the action of doxapram is potentiated after pre- treatment with a MAOI.
- In patients who have received anaesthetics known to sensitize the myocardium to catecholamines, such as halothane, cyclopropane, and enflurane, initiation of doxapram hydrochloride therapy should be delayed for at least 10 minutes following discontinuance of anaesthesia, since an increase in adrenaline release has been noted with Doxapram hydrochloride administration.
- The respiratory stimulant effect of Doxapram hydrochloride may not outlast the residual effects of the depressant drugs. Since respiratory depression may recur after stimulation with Doxapram hydrochloride, the patient should be closely monitored until fully alert for ½ to 1 hour. Doxapram hydrochloride may temporarily mask the residual effects of curare-type muscle relaxant drugs.
- Doxapram hydrochloride should be administered with caution in patients with hypermetabolic states such as phaeochromocytoma.
- If sudden hypertension or dyspnoea develops, Doxapram hydrochloride should be stopped.
- Monitoring of the blood pressure and deep tendon reflexes is recommended to prevent overdosage.
- To avoid side effects, it is advisable to use the minimum effective dosage.
- Doxapram should not be used in conjunction with mechanical ventilation.
- An adequate airway is essential and airway protection should be considered since doxapram may stimulate vomiting.
- Doxapram should be used with caution in hypertensive patients (Doxapram hydrochloride is contraindicated in severe hypertension, see section 4.3) and in patients with impaired cardiac reserve
- The administration of this agent does not diminish the need for continuous monitoring of all aspects of patient response, including frequent analysis of arterial-blood gases.
4.5. Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
Clinical data suggest that concurrent use of aminophylline/theophylline and Doxapram hydrochloride may be associated with increased CNS stimulation, agitation, muscle fasciculation and hyperactivity. Care should thus be taken when these two drugs are used concomitantly.
Doxapram hydrochloride should also be administered with great care to patients being treated concurrently with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). Animal studies have shown that the action of doxapram hydrochloride may be potentiated after pre-treatment with a MAOI (see section 4.4)
Doxapram hydrochloride may potentiate the effects of sympathomimetic agents (see section 4.4).
Doxapram may temporarily mask the residual effects of curare-type muscle relaxant drugs (see section 4.4).
4.6. Fertility, pregnancy and lactation
Pregnancy
Although there is no recognised hazard, this product is not recommended for use in pregnancy unless there are compelling clinical reasons to do so. The physician must weigh the benefit to the risk.
Breastfeeding
It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Therefore, caution should be exercised when Doxapram hydrochloride is administered to a lactating mother.
Fertility
There are no human data available on fertility.
4.7. Effects on ability to drive and use machines
Doxapram hydrochloride has no or negligible influence on the ability to drive and use machines.
4.8. Undesirable effects
Adverse reactions listed by System Organ Class. The following adverse reactions have been observed at the frequencies defined using the following convention:
Not known: cannot be estimated from the available data.
Nervous system disorders:
Doxapram hydrochloride may produce adverse effects due to general stimulation of the central, peripheral and autonomic nervous systems: pyrexia, sweating, flushing, salivation, headache, dizziness, hyperactivity, confusion, hallucinations, perineal warmth, muscle fasciculation, muscle spasticity, clonus, bilateral babinski, increased deep tendon reflexes and convulsions have been reported.
Doxapram can induce a significant decrease in maximal cerebral blood flow velocity.
Cardiac disorders:
Cardiovascular effects have been observed and include a moderate increase in blood pressure, arrhythmias, sinus tachycardia, bradycardia and extrasystoles, chest pain or chest tightness.
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders:
Respiratory problems such as dyspnoea, cough, bronchospasm and laryngospasm may occur.
Gastrointestinal Disorders:
Effects on the gastrointestinal tract such as nausea and vomiting may also occur.
Renal and Urinary disorders:
Urinary retention, stimulation of urinary bladder with spontaneous voiding.
Paediatric population
Doxapram hydrochloride is not recommended in children (see section 4.2). The following adverse reactions have been reported in off-licence use of doxapram in preterm neonates and infants:
- neurodevelopmental delay
- significant prolongation of QT interval, in some cases associated with atrioventricular block.
- bleeding in stools, abdominal distension and necrotizing enterocolitis and multiple gastric perforations
- early teeth eruption involving lower central incisors
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme, Website: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store.
4.9. Overdose
Symptoms
Overdosage may result in hypertension, tachycardia and other arrhythmias; skeletal muscle hyperactivity including enhanced deep tendon reflexes, and dyspnoea. Serious symptoms of overdosage may include clonic and generalized seizures.
Management
Intravenous diazepam, phenytoin, and short-acting barbiturates, oxygen and resuscitative equipment should be readily available to manage overdoses.
💬 Ask about this leaflet
Ask anything about Doxapram hydrochloride 20 mg/ml Solution for injection. The assistant answers only from this leaflet — if the leaflet does not cover it, it will say so. It does not give medical advice.
Answers come from the patient leaflet published on the electronic medicines compendium (emc). They are not medical advice. Ask a pharmacist or your GP if you are unsure. For urgent help call NHS 111, or 999 in an emergency.