Pharmacy Guide

Patient leaflets and SmPCs, drug interaction checker, official dosages and NHS pharmacy opening hours — all in one place.

Pharmacy Guide

Patient leaflets and SmPCs, drug interaction checker, official dosages and NHS pharmacy opening hours — all in one place.

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Bupeaze 70 micrograms/h Transdermal Patches

⚠ This medicine appears to have been discontinued

The electronic medicines compendium (emc) no longer publishes a Summary of Product Characteristics for this product, which usually means it is no longer marketed in the UK. The patient leaflet below is kept for reference, but the product may not be available.

If you were prescribed this medicine, other products containing Buprenorphine may still be available. Do not stop your treatment — ask your pharmacist or GP what to use instead.

Active substance: Buprenorphine

Equivalent medicines (same active substance, strength and form)

Source: electronic medicines compendium (emc)
Official leaflet: Read the PIL on emc

What it is and what it is used for

for The active substance of Bupeaze is buprenorphine. Bupeaze is an analgesic (a pain-relieving medicine) intended to relieve moderate to severe cancer pain and severe pain that has not responded to other types of painkillers. Bupeaze acts through the skin. When the transdermal patch is applied to the skin, the active substance buprenorphine passes through the skin into the blood. Buprenorphine is an opioid (strong pain reliever), which reduces pain by acting on the central nervous system (specific nerve cells in the spinal cord and in the brain). The effect of the transdermal patch lasts for up to four days. Bupeaze is not suitable for the treatment of acute (short-lasting) pain.

What you need to know before you take it

e Bupeaze Do not use Bupeaze

  • if you are allergic to buprenorphine or any of the other ingredients of this medicine (listed in section 6)
  • if you are dependent on strong pain relievers (opioids)
  • if you suffer from a disease in which you have or may have great difficulty breathing
  • if you are taking monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors (certain medicines used to treat depression) or you have taken this type of medicine in the last two weeks (see "Other medicines and Bupeaze")
  • if you suffer from myasthenia gravis (a certain type of severe muscle weakness)
  • if you suffer from delirium tremens (confusion and trembling caused by abstinence from alcohol following habitual excessive drinking or occurring during an episode of heavy alcohol consumption)
  • if you are pregnant
  • if you have pain which lasts only for a short period or pain after having an operation because of the increased risk of dependence and developing serious breathing problems. Bupeaze must not be used to treat withdrawal symptoms in drug-dependent persons. Warnings and precautions Talk to your doctor or pharmacist before using Bupeaze
  • if you have recently drunk a lot of alcohol
  • if you suffer from seizures or convulsions (fits)
  • if your consciousness is disturbed (feeling light-headed or faint) for an unknown reason
  • if you are in a state of shock (cold sweat might be a sign of it)
  • if the pressure in your skull is increased (for instance after head injury or in brain disease), and artificial respiration is not possible
  • if you have difficulty breathing or are taking other medicines that may make you breathe more slowly or weakly (see "Other medicines and Bupeaze")
  • if your liver does not work properly
  • if you have depression or other conditions that are treated with antidepressants The use of these medicines together with Bupeaze can lead to serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition (see "Other medicines and Bupeaze")
  • if you are going to have an operation, or have just had an operation, please tell the doctor at the hospital if you are currently treated with Bupeaze transdermal patch to discuss your pain management. Tolerance, dependence, and addiction This medicine contains buprenorphine which is an opioid medicine. Repeated use of opioids can result in the drug being less effective (you become accustomed to it, known as tolerance). Repeated use of Bupeaze can also lead to dependence, abuse, and addiction, which may result in lifethreatening overdose. The risk of these side effects can increase with a higher dose and longer duration of use. Dependence or addiction can make you feel that you are no longer in control of how much medicine you need to take or how often you need to take it. The risk of becoming dependent or addicted varies from person to person. You may have a greater risk of becoming dependent on or addicted to Bupeaze if: You or anyone in your family have ever abused or been dependent on alcohol, prescription medicines or illegal drugs ("addiction"). You are a smoker. You have ever had problems with your mood (depression, anxiety, or a personality disorder) or have been treated by a psychiatrist for other mental illnesses. If you notice any of the following signs whilst taking Bupeaze, it could be a sign that you have become dependent or addicted: You need to take the medicine for longer than advised by your doctor You need to take more than the recommended dose You might feel that you need to carry on taking your medicine, even when it doesn't help to relieve your pain. You are using the medicine for reasons other than prescribed, for instance, 'to stay calm' or 'help you sleep' You have made repeated, unsuccessful attempts to quit or control the use of the medicine When you stop taking the medicine you feel unwell, and you feel better once taking the medicine again ('withdrawal effects') If you notice any of these signs, speak to your doctor to discuss the best treatment pathway for you, including when it is appropriate to stop and how to stop safely (see section 3. If you stop taking Bupeaze.

Also, please be aware of the following precautions:

  • Fever and external heat may lead to larger quantities of buprenorphine in the blood than normal. Also, external heat may prevent the transdermal patch from sticking properly. Therefore, do not expose yourself to external heat (e.g. sauna, infra-red lamps, electric blankets, hot water bottles) and consult your doctor if you have fever. Athletes should be aware that this medicine may cause a positive reaction to sports doping control tests. Sleep-related breathing disorders Bupeaze can cause sleep-related breathing disorders such as sleep apnoea (breathing pauses during sleep) and sleep related hypoxemia (low oxygen level in the blood). The symptoms can include breathing pauses during sleep, night awakening due to shortness of breath, difficulties to maintain sleep or excessive drowsiness during the day. If you or another person observe these symptoms, contact your doctor. A dose reduction may be considered by your doctor. Children and adolescents Bupeaze should not be used in persons below the age of 18 years, because no experience has so far been gained in this age group. Other medicines and Bupeaze Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking, have recently taken or might take any other medicines.
  • Bupeaze must not be used together with monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors (certain medicines used to treat depression), or if you have taken this type of medicine for the last 2 weeks.
  • Bupeaze may make some people feel drowsy, sick, or faint or make them breathe more slowly or weakly. These side effects may be intensified if other medicines that may produce the same effects are taken at the same time. These other medicines include other strong pain relievers (opioids), certain sleeping pills, anaesthetics, and medicines used to treat certain psychological diseases such as tranquillizers, anti-depressants, and neuroleptics.
  • Gapapentin or pregabalin to treat epilepsy or pain due to nerve problems (neuropathic pain). Please inform your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking:
  • medicines to treat allergies, travel sickness or nausea (antihistamines or antiemetics);
  • medicines to treat psychiatric disorders (antipsychotics or neuroleptics);
  • muscle relaxants;
  • medicines to treat Parkinson's disease.
  • Concomitant use of Bupeaze and sedating medicines such as benzodiazepines or related drugs increases the risk of drowsiness, difficulties in breathing (respiratory depression), coma and may be life-threatening. Because of this, concomitant use should only be considered when other treatment options are not possible. However if your doctor does prescribe Bupeaze together with sedative medicines the dose and duration of concomitant treatment should be limited by your doctor. Please tell your doctor about all sedating medicines you are taking, and follow your doctor's dose recommendation closely. It could be helpful to inform friends or relatives to be aware of the signs and symptoms stated above. Contact your doctor when experiencing such symptoms.
  • Some medicines may increase the side effects of Bupeaze and may sometimes cause very serious reactions. Do not take any other medicines whilst taking Bupeaze without first talking to your doctor, especially antidepressants such as citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, sertraline, duloxetine, venlafaxine, amitriptyline, doxepine, or trimipramine. These medicines may interact with Bupeaze and you may experience symptoms such as involuntary, rhythmic contractions of muscles, including the muscles that control movement of the eye, agitation, hallucinations, coma, excessive sweating, tremor, exaggeration of reflexes, increased muscle tension, body temperature above 38°C. Contact your doctor when experiencing such

symptoms.

  • If Bupeaze is used together with some medicines, the effects of the transdermal patch may be increased. These medicines include e.g. certain anti-infectives/anti-fungals (e.g. containing erythromycin or ketoconazole) or HIV medicines (e.g. containing ritonavir).
  • If Bupeaze is used together with other medicines, the effects of the transdermal patch may be reduced. These medicines include certain products, e.g. dexamethasone; medicines to treat epilepsy (e.g. containing carbamazepine, or phenytoin) or medicines for tuberculosis (e.g. rifampicin). Bupeaze with food, drink and alcohol You should not drink alcohol while using Bupeaze. Alcohol may intensify certain side effects of the transdermal patch and you may feel unwell. Drinking grapefruit juice may intensify the effects of Bupeaze. Pregnancy, breast-feeding and fertility If you are pregnant or breast-feeding, think you may be pregnant or are planning to have a baby, ask your doctor or pharmacist for advice before using this medicine. There is not sufficient experience regarding the use of Bupeaze in pregnant women. Therefore, do not use Bupeaze if you are pregnant. Buprenorphine, the active substance contained in the transdermal patch, inhibits milk formation and passes into the breast milk. Therefore, do not use Bupeaze if you are breast-feeding. Driving and using machines Bupeaze may make you feel dizzy or drowsy or experience blurred or double vision and affect your reactions to such an extent that you may not react adequately or quickly enough in the event of unexpected or sudden occurrences. This applies particularly
  • at the beginning of treatment
  • when your dose is changed
  • when you switch to Bupeaze from another pain reliever
  • if you also use other medicines that act on the brain
  • if you drink alcohol. If you are affected, you should not drive or operate machinery whilst using Bupeaze. This applies also at the end of treatment with Bupeaze. Do not drive or operate machinery for at least 24 hours after the patch has been removed. Discuss with your doctor or pharmacist if you are unsure about anything. The medicine can affect your ability to drive as it may make you sleepy or dizzy.
  • Do not drive while taking this medicine until you know how it affects you.
  • It is an offence to drive while you have this medicine in your body over a specified limit unless you have a defence (called the 'statutory defence').
  • This defence applies when:
  • the medicine has been prescribed to treat a medical or dental problem; and
  • you have taken it according to the instructions given by the prescriber and in the information provided with the medicine.
  • Please note that it is still an offence to drive if you are unfit because of the medicine (i.e. your ability to drive is being affected). Details regarding a new driving offence concerning driving after drugs have been taken in the UK may be found here: https://www.gov.uk/drug-driving-law Talk to your doctor or pharmacist if you are not sure whether it is safe for you to drive while taking this medicine.

How to take it

Bupeaze

Always use this medicine exactly as your doctor has told you. Check with your doctor or pharmacist if you are not sure. Before starting treatment and regularly during treatment, your doctor will discuss with you what you may expect from using Bupeaze, when and how long you need to take it, when to contact your doctor, and when you need to stop it (see also, If you stop taking Bupeaze. Bupeaze is available in three strengths: Bupeaze 35 micrograms/h Transdermal Patches, Bupeaze 52.5 micrograms/h Transdermal Patches and Bupeaze 70 micrograms/h Transdermal Patches. The choice of which strength of Bupeaze will suit you best will be made by your doctor. During treatment your doctor may change which transdermal patch you use to a smaller or larger one if necessary. Always use Bupeaze exactly as your doctor has told you. You should check with your doctor or pharmacist if you are not sure. The recommended dose is: Adults Unless your doctor has told you differently, attach one Bupeaze transdermal patch (as described in detail below) and change it after 4 days at the latest. For convenience of use, you can change the transdermal patch twice a week at the same days, e.g. always on Monday mornings and Thursday evenings. To help you remember when to change your transdermal patch, you should make a note on the calendar on the outer packaging. If your doctor has advised you to take other pain relievers in addition to the transdermal patch, strictly follow the doctor's instructions, otherwise you will not fully benefit from treatment with Bupeaze. The following table shows you when to change your patch. Apply/change your patch in morning of Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

−> <− −> <− −> <− −> <− −> <− −> <− −> <−

Apply/change your patch in evening of Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday

Use in children and adolescents Bupeaze should not be used in persons below the age of 18 years, because no experience has so far been gained in this age group. Elderly patients No dosage adjustment is needed for elderly patients. Patients with kidney disease / dialysis patients In patients with kidney disease and in dialysis patients, no dosage adjustment is necessary.

Patients with liver disease In patients with liver disease, the intensity and duration of action of Bupeaze may be affected. If this applies to you, your doctor will check on you more closely.

Method of administration Before applying the transdermal patch

  • Choose an area of skin which is flat, clean, free from cuts or scars and hairless on your upper body, preferably on the chest below the collar-bone or on the upper part of the back (see adjacent illustrations). Call assistance if you cannot apply the transdermal patch yourself.
  • If the chosen area has hairs, cut them off with a pair of scissors. Do not shave them off!
  • Avoid skin which is red, irritated or has any other blemishes, for instance large scars.
  • The area of skin you choose must be dry and clean. If necessary, wash it with cold or lukewarm water. Do not use soap or other detergents. After a hot bath or shower, wait until your skin is completely dry and cool. Do not apply lotion, cream or ointment to the chosen area. This might prevent your transdermal patch from sticking properly. Applying the transdermal patch Step 1: Each transdermal patch is sealed in a sachet. Cut the child-resistant sachet along the sealed edge with scissors. Be careful not to damage the transdermal patches.Take out the transdermal patch.

Step 2: The sticky side of the transdermal patch is covered with a transparent protective foil. Carefully peel off half the foil. Try not to touch the sticky part of the transdermal patch.

Step 3: Stick the transdermal patch onto the area of skin you have chosen and remove the remaining foil.

Step 4: Press the transdermal patch against your skin with the palm of your hand for about 30 to 60 seconds. Make sure that the whole transdermal patch is in contact with your skin, especially at the edges.

Step 5: Wash your hands after using the transdermal patch. Do not use any cleansing products. Wearing the transdermal patch You may wear the transdermal patch for up to 4 days. Provided that you have applied the transdermal patch correctly, there is little risk of it coming off. You may shower, bathe or swim while wearing it. However, do not expose the transdermal patch to extreme heat (e.g. sauna baths, infra-red lamps, electric blankets, hot water bottles). In the unlikely event that your transdermal patch falls off before it needs changing, do not use the same transdermal patch again. Stick a new one on straight away (see "Changing the transdermal patch" below). Changing the transdermal patch

  • Take the old transdermal patch off.
  • Fold it in half with the sticky side inwards.
  • Throw it away carefully, out of the sight and reach of children.
  • Stick a new transdermal patch on a different skin site (as described above). Wait at least one week before using the same site again. How long will you use the patch for Your doctor will tell you how long you may use Bupeaze. Do not stop using Bupeaze on your own account, because pain may return and you may feel unwell (see also "If you stop using Bupeaze" below). If you have the impression that the effect of the Bupeaze transdermal patch is too weak or too strong, tell your doctor or pharmacist. If you use more Bupeaze than you should If this happens there may be signs of an overdose of the substance buprenorphine. An overdose

may intensify the side effects of buprenorphine such as drowsiness, nausea, and vomiting. You may get pin-point pupils and breathing may become slow and weak. You may also get cardiovascular collapse. As soon as you discover that you have used more transdermal patches than you should, remove the excess transdermal patches and talk to a doctor or pharmacist. If you forget to use Bupeaze If you forget an application, stick a new transdermal patch on as soon as you remember. You will then need to change your routine, e.g. if you usually apply your transdermal patches on Mondays and Thursdays, but you forget and don't stick on a new transdermal patch until Wednesday, you will need to change your transdermal patches on Wednesdays and Saturdays from then on. Make a note of the new pair of days on the calendar on the outer packaging. If you are very late changing your transdermal patch, pain may return. In this case please contact your doctor. Never apply twice the number of transdermal patches to make up for the forgotten application! If you stop using Bupeaze If you interrupt or finish using Bupeaze too soon, pain may return. If you wish to stop use on account of unpleasant side effects, please consult your doctor. He/she will tell you what can be done and whether you can be treated with other medicines. Some people may experience withdrawal-effects when they have used strong pain relievers for a long time and stop using them. The risk of having effects after you stop using Bupeaze is very low. However, if you feel agitated, anxious, nervous or shaky, if you are overactive, have difficulty sleeping or digestion problems, tell your doctor. If you have any further questions on the use of this medicine, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

Possible side effects

Like all medicines, this medicine can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them. If you experience swelling of the hands, feet, ankles, face, lips, mouth, or throat which may cause difficulty in swallowing or breathing, hives, fainting, yellowing of the skin and eyes (also called jaundice), remove the transdermal patch and call your doctor immediately or seek help at the casualty department of the nearest hospital. These can be symptoms of a very rare serious allergic reaction. The following side effects have been reported: Very common (may affect more than 1 in 10 people):

  • nausea (feeling sick)
  • redness, itching Common (may affect up to 1 in 10 people):
  • dizziness, headache
  • shortness of breath
  • vomiting, constipation
  • skin changes (exanthema, generally on repeated use), sweating
  • oedema (e.g. swelling of the legs), tiredness Uncommon (may affect up to 1 in 100 people):
  • confusion, sleep disorder, restlessness
  • various degrees of sedation (calmness), ranging from tiredness to muzziness
  • circulation disorders (such as low blood pressure or, rarely, even circulatory collapse)
  • dry mouth
  • rash
  • difficulty in passing water, urinary retention (less urine than normal)
  • weariness Rare (may affect up to 1 in 1,000 people):
  • loss of appetite
  • illusions such as hallucinations, anxiety and nightmares, reduced sex drive
  • difficulties concentrating, speech disorder, muzziness, disturbed balance, abnormal skin sensations (numbness, prickling or burning sensations)
  • visual disturbance, blurred vision, swollen eyelids
  • hot flushes
  • difficulty breathing (respiratory depression)
  • heartburn
  • hives
  • erection difficulties
  • withdrawal symptoms (see below), administration site reactions Very rare (may affect up to 1 in 10,000 people):
  • serious allergic reactions (see below)
  • dependence, mood swings
  • muscle twitching, taste disorders
  • pin-point pupils
  • ear pain
  • abnormally rapid breathing, hiccups
  • retching
  • pustules, small blisters
  • chest pain • •

Not known (Frequency cannot be estimated from the available data)

dermatitis contact (skin rash with inflammation which may include burning sensation), skin discolouration Seizures, fits or convulsions.

If you notice any of the side effects listed above, tell your doctor as soon as possible. In some cases delayed allergic reactions occurred with marked signs of inflammation. In such a case you should stop using Bupeaze after you have talked to your doctor. Some people may have withdrawal symptoms when they have used strong pain relievers for a long time and stop using them. The risk of having withdrawal effects when you stop using Bupeaze is low. However, if you feel agitated, anxious, nervous or shaky, if you are overactive, have difficulty sleeping or digestion problems, tell your doctor. If any of the side effects gets serious, or if you notice any side effects not mentioned in this leaflet, please tell your doctor or pharmacist. Reporting of side effects If you get any side effects, talk to your doctor or pharmacist. This includes any possible side effects not listed in this leaflet. You can also report side effects directly via the Yellow Card Scheme website www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store. By reporting side effects, you can help provide more information on the safety of this medicine.

How to store it

Bupeaze

  • Keep this medicine out of the sight and reach of children.
  • Store this medicine in a safe and secure place, where people cannot access it. It can cause serious harm and be fatal to people who may take this medicine by accident, or intentionally when it has not been prescribed for them.
  • Do not use this medicine after the expiry date which is stated on the carton and sachet after EXP.

The expiry date refers to the last day of that month.

  • Do not store above 30°C.
  • After removing a patch, fold it in half with the sticky sides inwards and press them together. Return the used patch to its sachet and carefully dispose the transdermal patch.
  • Do not throw away medicines via wastewater. Ask your pharmacist how to throw away medicines you no longer use. These measures will help protect the environment.

Contents of the pack and other information

What Bupeaze contains

  • The active substance is buprenorphine. Each 35 micrograms/h transdermal patch of 25 cm2 contains 20 mg of buprenorphine and releases 35 micrograms of buprenorphine per hour. Each 52.5 micrograms/h transdermal patch of 37.5 cm2 contains 30 mg of buprenorphine and releases 52.5 micrograms of buprenorphine per hour. Each 70 micrograms/h transdermal patch of 50 cm2 contains 40 mg of buprenorphine and releases 70 micrograms of buprenorphine per hour.
  • The other ingredients are: Adhesive matrix (containing buprenorphine): povidone K90, levulinic acid, oleyl oleate, Poly[acrylic acid-co-butylacrylate-co-(2-ethylhexyl)acrylate-co-vinylacetate] (5:15:75:5) Adhesive matrix (without buprenorphine): Poly[(2-ethylhexyl)acrylate-co-glycidylmethacrylateco-(2-hydroxyethyl)acrylate-co-vinylacetate] (68:0,15:5:27) Separating foil between adhesive matrices with and without buprenorphine: Polyethylene terephthalate film Backing foil: polyester Release liner: Polyethylene terephthalate film, siliconised Blue printing ink What Bupeaze looks like and contents of the pack Each transdermal patch is rectangular beige coloured with rounded corners and is imprinted (35 micrograms/h patch) "Buprenorphin" and "35 μg/h", (52.5 micrograms/h patch) "Buprenorphin" and "52.5 μg/h" and (70 micrograms/h patch) "Buprenorphin" and "70 μg/h". Each transdermal patch is sealed in one child-resistant sachet. The patches are available in packs containing 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 18, 20 or 24 transdermal patches. Not all pack sizes may be marketed. Marketing Authorisation Holder Dr. Reddy's Laboratories (UK) Ltd., 410 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0PE, United Kingdom Manufacturer betapharm Arzneimittel GmbH, Kobelweg 95, Augsburg, 86156, Germany OR Labtec GmBH, Heykenaukamp 10, 21147 Hamburg, Germany OR AdhexPharma, 42-44 rue de Longvic, 21300 Chenôve, France This leaflet was last revised in May 2026

Frequently asked questions about Bupeaze 70 micrograms/h Transdermal Patches

How do I take Bupeaze 70 micrograms/h Transdermal Patches?

Bupeaze 70 micrograms/h Transdermal Patches comes as patch containing 70mcg. Always follow the dose your doctor or pharmacist has given you, and read the leaflet that comes with the medicine.

What is the active substance in Bupeaze 70 micrograms/h Transdermal Patches?

The active substance in Bupeaze 70 micrograms/h Transdermal Patches is buprenorphine.

Are there equivalent medicines to Bupeaze 70 micrograms/h Transdermal Patches?

Medicines with the same active substance, strength and form include: Carlosafine 70 micrograms/h transdermal patch, Transtec 70 micrograms/h transdermal patch. They are interchangeable only if your prescriber or pharmacist says so.

Where does this information come from?

This leaflet reproduces the patient information leaflet approved for Bupeaze 70 micrograms/h Transdermal Patches, as published on the electronic medicines compendium (emc). The version printed inside your medicine’s packaging is the one that applies to you.

Can I get Bupeaze 70 micrograms/h Transdermal Patches without a prescription?

Whether a medicine is available over the counter or on prescription only depends on its licence. Check the leaflet, or ask your pharmacist — they can tell you straight away.

About this leaflet

The text above reproduces the patient information leaflet approved for this medicine, restructured for easier reading.

Medical disclaimer: This page is for information only and does not replace advice from your doctor or pharmacist. Always read the leaflet supplied with your medicine. If you are unwell, call NHS 111; in an emergency, call 999.

Medicines with the same active substance: Buprenorphine (42 medicines)
See every medicine containing this substance, or browse the full A–Z of active substances.
⚕For healthcare professionals — Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)Full SmPC: dosage, interactions, contraindications, warnings+
Technical information intended for healthcare professionals (doctors and pharmacists). The Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) is the official document approved by the MHRA/EMA. It does not replace the patient leaflet or a doctor’s advice.

4.1. Therapeutic indications

Moderate to severe cancer pain and severe pain which does not respond to non-opioid analgesics.

Bupeaze is not suitable for the treatment of acute pain.

4.2. Posology and method of administration

Posology

Patients over 18 years of age

The lowest possible dosage providing adequate pain relief should be given. Three transdermal patch strengths are available to provide such adaptive treatment: Bupeaze 35 micrograms/h, Bupeaze 52.5 micrograms/h and Bupeaze 70 micrograms/h.

Initial dose selection: patients who have previously not received any analgesics should start with the lowest transdermal patch strength (Bupeaze 35 micrograms/h). Patients previously given a WHO step-I analgesic (non-opioid) or a step-II analgesic (weak opioid) should also begin with Bupeaze 35 micrograms/h. According to the WHO recommendations, the administration of a non-opioid analgesic can be continued, depending on the patient's overall medical condition.

When switching from a step-III analgesic (strong opioid) to Bupeaze and choosing the initial transdermal patch strength, the nature of the previous medication, administration and the mean daily dose should be taken into account in order to avoid the recurrence of pain. In general it is advisable to titrate the dose individually, starting with the lowest transdermal patch strength (Bupeaze 35 micrograms/h). Clinical experience has shown that patients who were previously treated with higher daily dosages of a strong opioid (in the dimension of approximately 120 mg oral morphine) may start the therapy with the next higher transdermal patch strength (see also section 5.1).

To allow for individual dose adaptation in an adequate time period sufficient supplementary immediate release analgesics should be made available during dose titration.

The necessary strength of Bupeaze must be adapted to the requirements of the individual patient and checked at regular intervals.

After application of the first Bupeaze transdermal patch the buprenorphine serum concentrations rise slowly both in patients who have been treated previously with analgesics and in those who have not. Therefore initially, there is unlikely to be a rapid onset of effect. Consequently, a first evaluation of the analgesic effect should only be made after 24 hours.

The previous analgesic medication (with the exception of transdermal opioids) should be given in the same dose during the first 12 hours after switching to Bupeaze and appropriate rescue medicationon demand in the following 12 hours.

Dose titration and maintenance therapy

Bupeaze should be replaced after 96 hours (4 days) at the latest. For convenience of use, the transdermal patch can be changed twice a week at regular intervals, e.g. always on Monday morning and Thursday evening. The dose should be titrated individually until analgesic efficacy is attained. If analgesia is insufficient at the end of the initial application period, the dose may be increased, either by applying more than one transdermal patch of the same strength or by switching to the next transdermal patch strength. At the same time no more than two transdermal patches regardless of the strength should be applied.

Before application of the next Bupeaze strength the amount of total opioids administered in addition to the previous transdermal patch should be taken into consideration, i.e. the total amount of opioids required, and the dosage adjusted accordingly. Patients requiring a supplementary analgesic (e.g. for breakthrough pain) during maintenance therapy may take for example one to two 0.2 mg buprenorphine sublingual tablets every 24 hours in addition to the transdermal patch. If the regular addition of 0.4 – 0.6 mg sublingual buprenorphine is necessary, the next strength should be used.

Paediatric population

As buprenorphine has not been studied in patients under 18 years of age, the use of the medicinal product in patients below this age is not recommended.

Elderly patients

No dosage adjustment of Bupeaze is required for elderly patients.

Patients with renal insufficiency

Since the pharmacokinetics of buprenorphine is not altered during the course of renal failure, its use in patients with renal insufficiency, including dialysis patients, is possible.

Patients with hepatic insufficiency

Buprenorphine is metabolised in the liver. The intensity and duration of its action may be affected in patients with impaired liver function. Therefore patients with liver insufficiency should be carefully monitored during treatment with Bupeaze.

Method of administration

Treatment goals and discontinuation

Before initiating treatment with Bupeaze, a treatment strategy including treatment duration and treatment goals, and a plan for end of the treatment, should be agreed together with the patient, in accordance with pain management guidelines. During treatment, there should be frequent contact between the physician and the patient to evaluate the need for continued treatment, consider discontinuation and to adjust dosages if needed. When a patient no longer requires therapy with Bupeaze, it may be advisable to taper the dose gradually to prevent symptoms of withdrawal. In absence of adequate pain control, the possibility of hyperalgesia, tolerance and progression of underlying disease should be considered (see section 4.4).

Bupeaze should be applied to non-irritated, clean skin on a non-hairy flat surface, but not to any parts of the skin with large scars. Preferable sites on the upper body are: upper back or below the collar-bone on the chest. Any remaining hairs should be cut off with a pair of scissors (not shaved). If the site of application requires cleansing, this should be done with water. Soap or any other cleansing agents should not be used. Skin preparations that might affect adhesion of the transdermal patch to the area selected for application of Bupeaze should be avoided.

The skin must be completely dry before application. Bupeaze is to be applied immediately after removal from the sachet. Following removal of the release liner, the transdermal patch should be pressed firmly in place with the palm of the hand for approximately 30 seconds. The transdermal patch will not be affected when bathing, showering or swimming. However, it should not be exposed to excessive heat (e.g. sauna, infrared-radiation).

Bupeaze should be worn continuously for up to 4 days. After removal of the previous transdermal patch a new Bupeaze transdermal patch should be applied to a different skin site. At least one week should elapse before a new transdermal patch is applied to the same area of skin.

Duration of administration

Bupeaze should not be used longer than necessary. If long-term pain treatment with Bupeaze is necessary in view of the nature and severity of the illness, then careful and regular monitoring should be carried out (if necessary with breaks in treatment) to establish whether and to what extent further treatment is necessary.

Discontinuation of Bupeaze

After removal of Bupeaze buprenorphine serum concentrations decrease gradually and thus the analgesic effect is maintained for a certain amount of time. This should be considered when therapy with Bupeaze is to be followed by other opioids. As a general rule, a subsequent opioid should not be administered within 24 hours after removal of Bupeaze.For the time being only limited information is available on the starting dose of other opioids administered after discontinuation of Bupeaze

4.3. Contraindications

- hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1

- opioid-dependent patients and for narcotic withdrawal treatment

- conditions in which the respiratory center and function are severely impaired or may become so

- patients who are receiving MAO inhibitors or have taken them within the last two weeks (see section 4.5)

- patients suffering from myasthenia gravis

- patients suffering from delirium tremens.

- pregnancy (see section 4.6)

4.4. Special warnings and precautions for use

Buprenorphine must only be used with particular caution in acute alcohol intoxication, convulsive disorders, in patients with head injury, shock, a reduced level of consciousness of uncertain origin, increased intracranial pressure without the possibility of ventilation.

Buprenorphine occasionally causes respiratory depression. Therefore care should be taken when treating patients with impaired respiratory function or patients receiving medicinal products which can cause respiratory depression.

Buprenorphine has a substantially lower dependence liability than pure opioid agonists. In healthy volunteer and patient studies with buprenorphine, withdrawal reactions have not been observed. However, after long-term use of buprenorphine withdrawal symptoms, similar to those occurring during opiate withdrawal, cannot be entirely excluded (see section 4.8). These symptoms are: agitation, anxiety, nervousness, insomnia, hyperkinesia, tremor and gastrointestinal disorders.

In patients abusing opioids, substitution with buprenorphine may prevent withdrawal symptoms. This has resulted in some abuse of buprenorphine and caution should be exercised when prescribing it to patients suspected of having drug abuse problems.

Buprenorphine may lower the seizure threshold in patients with a history of seizure disorder.

Post-operative opioid use (PPOU) and opioid-induced ventilatory impairment (OIVI)

Do not use for acute post-operative pain owing to the increased risk of persistent post-operative opioid use (PPOU) and opioid-induced ventilatory impairment (OIVI).

Tolerance and opioid use disorder (abuse and dependence)

Tolerance, physical and psychological dependence, and opioid use disorder (OUD) may develop upon repeated administration of opioids such as Bupeaze. Repeated use of Bupeaze can lead to OUD. A higher dose and longer duration of opioid treatment can increase the risk of developing OUD. Abuse or intentional misuse of Bupeaze may result in overdose and/or death. The risk of developing OUD is increased in patients with a personal or a family history (parents or siblings) of substance use disorders (including alcohol use disorder), in current tobacco users or in patients with a personal history of other mental health disorders (e.g. major depression, anxiety and personality disorders).

Before initiating treatment with Bupeaze and during the treatment, treatment goals and a discontinuation plan should be agreed with the patient (see section 4.2). Before and during treatment the patient should also be informed about the risks and signs of OUD. If these signs occur, patients should be advised to contact their physician.

Patients will require monitoring for signs of drug-seeking behavior (e.g. too early requests for refills). This includes the review of concomitant opioids and psycho-active drugs (like benzodiazepines). For patients with signs and symptoms of OUD, consultation with an addiction specialist should be considered.

Risk from concomitant use of sedating medicinal product such as benzodiazepines or related substances

Concomitant use of Bupeaze and sedating medicinal product such as benzodiazepines or related substances may result in sedation, respiratory depression, coma and death. Because of these risks, concomitant prescribing with these sedating medicines should be reserved for patients for whom alternative treatment options are not possible. If a decision is made to prescribe Bupeaze concomitantly with sedating medicinal product, the lowest effective dose should be used, and the duration of the concomitant treatment should be as short as possible.

The patients should be followed closely for signs and symptoms of respiratory depression and sedation. In this respect, it is strongly recommended to inform patients and their caregivers to be aware of these symptoms (see section 4.5).

Buprenorphine is metabolised in the liver. The intensity and duration of effect may be altered in patients with liver function disorders. Therefore such patients should be carefully monitored during buprenorphine treatment.

Athletes should be aware that this medicine may cause a positive reaction to sports doping control tests.

Serotonin syndrome

Concomitant administration of Bupeaze and other serotonergic agents, such as selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin norepinephrine re-uptake inhibitors (SNRIs) or tricyclic antidepressants may result in serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition (see section 4.5).

If concomitant treatment with other serotonergic agents is clinically warranted, careful observation of the patient is advised, particularly during treatment initiation and dose increases.

Symptoms of serotonin syndrome may include mental-status changes, autonomic instability, neuromuscular abnormalities, and/or gastrointestinal symptoms.

If serotonin syndrome is suspected, a dose reduction or discontinuation of therapy should be considered depending on the severity of the symptoms.

Sleep-related breathing disorders

Opioids can cause sleep-related breathing disorders including central sleep apnoea (CSA) and sleep-related hypoxemia. Opioid use increases the risk of CSA in a dose-dependent fashion. In patients who present with CSA, consider decreasing the total opioid dosage.

Paediatric population

As buprenorphine has not been studied in patients under 18 years of age, the use of the medicinal product in patients below this age is not recommended.

Patients with fever / external heat

Fever and the presence of heat may increase the permeability of the skin. Theoretically in such situations buprenorphine serum concentrations may be raised during buprenorphine treatment. Therefore on treatment with buprenorphine, attention should be paid to the increased possibility of opioid reactions in febrile patients or those with increased skin temperature due to other causes.

4.5. Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction

Bupeaze should be used cautiously when co-administered with:

• Serotonergic medicinal products, selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin norepinephrine re-uptake inhibitors (SNRIs) or tricyclic antidepressants as the risk of serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition, is increased (see section 4.4).

On administration of MAO inhibitors in the last 14 days prior to the administration of the opioid pethidine life-threatening interactions have been observed affecting the central nervous system and respiratory and cardiovascular function. The same interactions between MAO inhibitors and buprenorphine cannot be ruled out (see section 4.3).

Sedating medicinal product such as benzodiazepines or related substances

The concomitant use of opioids with sedative medicinal product such as benzodiazepines or related substances increases the risk of sedation, respiratory depression, coma and death because of additive CNS depressant effect. The dose and duration of the concomitant use should be limited (see section 4.4).

When buprenorphine is applied together with other opioids, anaesthetics, hypnotics, sedatives, antidepressants, neuroleptics, and in general, medicinal products that depress respiration and the central nervous system, the CNS effects may be intensified. This applies also to alcohol.

The concomitant use of buprenorphine with gabapentinoids (gabapentin and pregabalin) may result in respiratory depression, hypotension, profound sedation, coma or death (see section 4.4).

Concomitant administration of buprenorphine with anticholinergics or medications with anticholinergic activity (e.g. tricyclic antidepressants, antihistamines, antipsychotics, muscle relaxants, anti-Parkinson drugs) may result in increased anticholinergic adverse effects.

Administered together with inhibitors or inducers of CYP 3A4 the efficacy of buprenorphine may be intensified (inhibitors) or weakened (inducers).

4.6. Fertility, pregnancy and lactation

Pregnancy

There are no adequate data from the use of buprenorphine in pregnant women. Studies in animals have shown reproductive toxicity (see section 5.3). The potential risk for humans is unknown.

Towards the end of pregnancy high doses of buprenorphine may induce respiratory depression in the neonate even after a short period of administration. Long-term administration of buprenorphine during the last three months of pregnancy may cause a withdrawal syndrome in the neonate..

Therefore Bupeaze is contraindicated during pregnancy.

Breast-feeding

Buprenorphine is excreted in human milk. In rats buprenorphine has been found to inhibit lactation.

Bupeaze should not be used during lactation.Fertility

The effect of buprenorphine on human fertility is unknown. Buprenorphine did not affect fertility in animal studies (see section 5.3).

4.7. Effects on ability to drive and use machines

Buprenorphine has major influence on the ability to drive and use machines. Even when used according to instructions, buprenorphine may affect the patient's reactions to such an extent that road safety and the ability to operate machinery may be impaired.

This applies particularly at the beginning of treatment, at any change of dosages and when buprenorphine is used in conjunction with other centrally acting substances including alcohol, tranquillisers, sedatives and hypnotics.

Patients who are affected (e.g. feeling dizzy or drowsy or experience blurred or double vision) should not drive or use machines while using buprenorphine and for at least 24 hours after the patch has been removed.

Patients stabilized on a specific dosages will not necessarily be restricted if the above mentioned symptoms are not present.

Additional information for UK only

This medicine can impair cognitive function and can affect a patient's ability to drive safely. This class of medicine is in the list of drugs included in the regulations under 5a of the Road Traffic Act 1988. When prescribing this medicine, patients should be told:

• The medicine is likely to affect your ability to drive

• Do not drive until you know how the medicine affects you

• It is an offence to drive while you have this medicine in your body over a specified limit unless you have a defence (called the 'statutory defence').

• This defence applies when:

- The medicine has been prescribed to treat a medical or dental problem; and

- You have taken it according to the instructions given by the prescriber and in the information provided with the medicine.

• Please note that it is still an offence to drive if you are unfit because of the medicine (i.e. your ability to drive is being affected).

Details regarding a new driving offence concerning driving after drugs have been taken in the UK may be found here:

https://www.gov.uk/drug-driving-law

4.8. Undesirable effects

The following adverse reactions were reported after administration of buprenorphine in clinical studies and from postmarketing surveillance.

The frequencies are given as follows:

Very common (≥1/10)

Common (≥1/100 to 1/10)

Uncommon (≥1/1,000 to <1/100)

Rare (≥1/10,000 to <1/1,000)

Very rare (≤1/10,000)

Not known (cannot be estimated from the available data)

a) The most commonly reported systemic adverse reactions were nausea and vomiting.

The most commonly reported local adverse reactions were erythema and pruritus.

b) Immune system disorders

Very rare

serious allergic reactions*

Metabolism and nutrition disorders

Rare

appetite lost

Psychiatric disorders

Uncommon

confusion, sleep disorder, restlessness

Rare

psychotomimetic effects (e.g. hallucinations, anxiety, nightmares), decreased libido

Very rare

dependence, mood swings

Nervous system disorders

Common

dizziness, headache

Uncommon

sedation, somnolence

Rare

concentration impaired, speech disorder, numbness, dysequilibrium, paraesthesia (e.g. pricking or burning skin sensation)

Very rare

muscle fasciculation, parageusia

Not known

Seizures

Eye disorders

Rare

visual disturbance, blurring of vision, eyelid oedema

Very rare

miosis

Ear and labyrinth disorders

Very rare

ear pain

Cardiac/Vascular disorders

Uncommon

circulatory disorders (such as hypotension or, rarely, even circulatory collapse)

Rare

hot flushes

Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders

Common

dyspnoea

Rare

respiratory depression

Very rare

hyperventilation, hiccups

Gastrointestinal disorders

Very common

nausea

Common

vomiting, constipation

Uncommon

dry mouth

Rare

pyrosis

Very rare

retching

Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders

Very common

erythema, pruritus

Common

exanthema, diaphoresis

Uncommon

rash

Rare

urticaria

Very rare

pustules, vesicles

Not known

dermatitis contact, application skin discolouration

Renal and urinary disorders

Uncommon

urinary retention, micturition disorders

Reproductive system and breast disorders

Rare

decreased erection

General disorders and administration site conditions

Common

oedema, tiredness

Uncommon

weariness

Rare

withdrawal symptoms*, administration site reactions

Very rare

thoracic pain

* see section c)

c) In some cases delayed allergic reactions occurred with marked signs of inflammation. In such cases treatment with buprenorphine should be terminated.

Drug dependence

Repeated use of Bupeaze can lead to drug dependence, even at therapeutic doses. The risk of drug dependence may vary depending on a patient's individual risk factors, dosage, and duration of opioid treatment (see section 4.4).

Buprenorphine has a low risk of dependence. After discontinuation of buprenorphine, withdrawal symptoms are unlikely. This is due to the very slow dissociation of buprenorphine from the opiate receptors and to the gradual decrease of buprenorphine serum concentrations (usually over a period of 30 hours after removal of the last transdermal patch). However, after long-term use of buprenorphine withdrawal symptoms, similar to those occurring during opiate withdrawal, cannot be entirely excluded.

These symptoms include: agitation, anxiety, nervousness, insomnia, hyperkinesia, tremor and gastro-intestinal disorders.

Reporting of suspected adverse reactions

Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme website www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store.

4.9. Overdose

Buprenorphine has a wide safety margin. Due to the rate-controlled delivery of small amounts of buprenorphine into the blood circulation high or toxic buprenorphine concentrations in the blood are unlikely. The maximum serum concentration of buprenorphine after the application of the buprenorphine 70 micrograms/h transdermal patch is about six times less than after the intravenous administration of the therapeutic dose of 0.3 mg buprenorphine.

Symptoms

In principal, on overdose with buprenorphine, symptoms similar to those of other centrally acting analgesics (opioids) are to be expected. These are: respiratory depression, sedation, somnolence, nausea, vomiting, cardiovascular collapse, and marked miosis.

Treatment

General emergency measures apply. Keep the airway open (aspiration!), maintain respiration and circulation depending on the symptoms. Naloxone has a limited impact on the respiratory depressant effect of buprenorphine. High doses are needed given either as repeated boluses or infusion (for example starting with a bolus administration of 1-2 mg intravenously. Having attained an adequate antagonistic effect, administration by infusion is recommended to maintain constant naloxone plasma levels). Therefore, adequate ventilation should be established.

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Answers come from the patient leaflet published on the electronic medicines compendium (emc). They are not medical advice. Ask a pharmacist or your GP if you are unsure. For urgent help call NHS 111, or 999 in an emergency.

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