Pharmacy Guide

Patient leaflets and SmPCs, drug interaction checker, official dosages and NHS pharmacy opening hours — all in one place.

Pharmacy Guide

Patient leaflets and SmPCs, drug interaction checker, official dosages and NHS pharmacy opening hours — all in one place.

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APO-go POD 5 mg/ml solution for infusion in cartridge

⚠ This medicine appears to have been discontinued

The electronic medicines compendium (emc) no longer publishes a Summary of Product Characteristics for this product, which usually means it is no longer marketed in the UK. The patient leaflet below is kept for reference, but the product may not be available.

If you were prescribed this medicine, other products containing Apomorphine hydrochloride hemihydrate may still be available. Do not stop your treatment — ask your pharmacist or GP what to use instead.

Active substance: Apomorphine hydrochloride hemihydrate

Equivalent medicines (same active substance, strength and form)

Source: electronic medicines compendium (emc)
Official leaflet: Read the PIL on emc

What it is and what it is used for

for APO-go POD contains apomorphine hydrochloride hemihydrate (further referred to as 'apomorphine'). There is 5 mg apomorphine in each millilitre of solution. Apomorphine belongs to a group of medicines known as dopamine agonists which are used to treat Parkinson's disease. It helps to reduce the amount of time spent in an 'off' or immobile state in people who have previously been treated for Parkinson's disease with levodopa and/or other dopamine agonists. Your doctor, pharmacist or nurse will help you to recognise the signs of when to use your medicine. This medicine is for use in adults only. Despite the name, apomorphine does not contain morphine.

What you need to know before you take it

e APO-go POD Before you use APO-go POD, your doctor will obtain an ECG (electrocardiogram) and will ask for a list of all other medicines you take. This ECG will be repeated in the first days of your treatment and at any point if your doctor thinks this is needed. He or she will also ask you about other diseases you may have, in particular concerning your heart. Some of the questions and investigations may be repeated at each medical visit. If you experience symptoms which may come from the heart, e.g. palpitations, fainting, or near-fainting, you should report this to your doctor immediately. Also if you experience diarrhoea or start a new medication, this should be reported to your doctor. Do not use APO-go POD if: − you are under 18 years of age − you have breathing difficulties − you have dementia or Alzheimer's disease

− − − − − −

you suffer from a mental illness with symptoms such as hallucinations , delusions, disordered thoughts, loss of contact with reality you have liver problems you have severe dyskinesia (involuntary movements) or severe dystonia (sustained or repetitive movements which can result in a fixed posture) during 'on' periods when treated with levodopa you are allergic to apomorphine or any of the other ingredients of this medicine (listed in section 6) you are taking medicine to treat nausea and vomiting from a certain class of drugs (5HT3 antagonists) e.g. ondansetron, granisetron, dolasetron and palonosetron you are taking medicine to treat diarrhoea such e.g. alosetron

Warnings and precautions Talk to your doctor, pharmacist or nurse before using APO-go POD if: − you have kidney problems − you have lung problems − you have heart problems − you have low blood pressure or feel faint and dizzy when you stand − you are taking any medicines to treat high blood pressure − you feel sick or suffer from being sick − you have any mental disorders when APO-go POD is started − you are elderly or frail − you or someone in your family are known to have an abnormality of electrocardiogram (ECG) called 'long QT syndrome' Tell your doctor if you or your family/carer notices that you are developing urges or cravings to behave in ways that are unusual for you and you cannot resist the impulse, drive or temptation to carry out certain activities that could harm yourself or others. These are called impulse control disorders and can include behaviours such as addictive gambling, excessive eating or spending, an abnormally high sex drive or an increase in sexual thoughts or feelings. Your doctor may need to adjust or stop your dose. Some patients develop addiction-like symptoms leading to craving for large doses of APO-go POD and other medicines used to treat Parkinson's disease. If any of the above situations applies to you, please inform your doctor, pharmacist or nurse. Children and adolescents APO-go POD should not be used in children and adolescents under 18 years of age. Other medicines and APO-go POD Tell your doctor, pharmacist or nurse if you are taking, have recently taken or might take any other medicines. CHECK WITH YOUR DOCTOR, PHARMACIST OR NURSE BEFORE USING YOUR MEDICINE IF: −

−

you are using medicines that are known to affect the way your heart beats. This includes medicines used for heart rhythm problems (such as quinidine and amiodarone) for depression (including tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline and imipramine) and for bacterial infections ('macrolide' antibiotics such as erythromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin) and domperidone. you are taking ondansetron (medicine to treat nausea and vomiting), as this may result in severe drop in blood pressure and loss of consciousness.

If you use this medicine in combination with other medicines, the effect of your medicines may be altered. This is particularly true for: − medicines such as clozapine to treat mental disorders − medicines to lower your blood pressure − other medicines for Parkinson's disease − medicines for nausea and vomiting such as ondansetron, granisetron, dolasetron, palonosetron and for diarrhoea such as alosetron (APO-go POD should not be used if taking these medicines, refer to Section 2) − anti-dopaminergic medicines such as haloperidol, chlorpromazine, promethazine, prochlorperazine, metoclopramide, levopromazine and droperidol Your doctor will advise you if you need to adjust the dose of APO-go POD or any of your other medicines. If you are taking levodopa (another medicine for Parkinson's disease) as well as apomorphine your doctor should check your blood regularly. APO-go POD with food and drink Food and drink do not affect the way this medicine will work. Pregnancy and breast-feeding APO-go POD should not be used during pregnancy unless clearly necessary. Check with your doctor, pharmacist or nurse before using this medicine if you are pregnant, think you may be pregnant or you are planning to become pregnant. It is not known whether apomorphine is transferred to breast milk. Talk to your doctor if you are breast-feeding or intend to breast-feed. Your doctor will explain to you, whether you should continue/discontinue breast-feeding or continue/discontinue using this medicine. Driving and using machines Do not drive if this medicine makes you sleepy. Do not use any tools or machines if this medicine makes you sleepy. This medicine can affect your ability to drive. Do not drive whilst taking this medicine until you know how this medicine affects you. It may be an offence to drive if your ability to drive safely is affected. There is further information for patients who are intending to drive in Great Britain – go to https://www.gov.uk/drug-driving-law APO-go POD contains sodium metabisulfite APO-go POD contains sodium metabisulfite which may rarely cause severe allergic reactions and bronchospasm. This medicine contains less than 1 mmol (23 mg) of sodium per 20 ml cartridge, that is to say essentially 'sodium free'.

How to take it

APO-go POD Before you use APO-go POD, your doctor will ensure that you tolerate this medicine and an antisickness medicine (domperidone) that you may need to use simultaneously. Always use this medicine exactly as your doctor, pharmacist or nurse has told you.

Check with your doctor, pharmacist or nurse if you are not sure. Do not use APO-go POD if: − the solution has turned green − the solution is cloudy or you can see particles in it Where to inject APO-go POD − inject APO-go POD into an area under the skin (subcutaneously) as shown by your doctor, pharmacist or nurse − do not inject APO-go POD into a vein APO-go POD has been designed for continuous infusion with a pump and CronoBell Sleeve. The pump you will receive will be either the Crono APO-go III Infusion Pump or the Crono PAR4 20 Infusion Pump. How much to use Both the amount of APO-go POD that you should use and the total amount of time you should receive your medicine each day, will depend upon your personal needs. Your doctor will discuss this with you and tell you how much of your medicine you should administer. The amount that will work best will be determined on your visit to the clinic. The average infusion dose per hour is between 2 mg and 8 mg apomorphine. Continuous infusion is usually given when you are awake and generally stopped before sleeping. The amount of apomorphine that you receive each day should not exceed 100 mg. Your doctor, pharmacist or nurse will decide which dose is best for you. You may use a cartridge for up to 48 hours as long as a new infusion line and a different site for your infusion is used every 24 hours. There is no need to dilute APO-go POD before use. In addition, do not mix it with other medicines. Your doctor or nurse will show you how to set up and use APO-go POD, also refer to the end of this leaflet for instructions 'How to set up the infusion with APO-go POD'. If you use more APO-go POD than you should − Tell your doctor or contact your nearest hospital emergency department immediately − It is important to administer the correct dose of APO-go POD and not to use more than the amount recommended by your doctor. Higher doses may cause a slow heart rate, excessive sickness, excessive sleepiness and/or difficulty breathing. You may also feel faint or dizzy particularly when you stand up, due to low blood pressure. Lying down and raising your feet will help to treat low blood pressure. If you forget to use APO-go POD Take it when you next require it. Do not take a double dose to make up for a forgotten dose. If you stop using APO-go POD Contact your doctor before stopping treatment and discuss whether this is appropriate or not. If you have any further questions on the use of this medicine, ask your doctor, pharmacist or nurse.

Possible side effects

Like all medicines, this medicine can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them.

If you experience an allergic reaction stop using APO-go POD and contact a doctor or your nearest hospital emergency department immediately. The signs of an allergic reaction may include: − rash − breathing difficulties − swelling of the face, lips, throat or tongue Tell your doctor if you think your medicine is making you feel unwell or if you get any of the following side effects: Very common: may affect more than 1 in 10 people

  • lumps under the skin at the site of injection which are sore, troublesome and may be red and itchy. In order to avoid getting these lumps, change the site of injection every time you insert the needle.
  • hallucinations (seeing, hearing or feeling things that are not there) Common: may affect up to 1 in 10 people
  • feeling sick or being sick, particularly when starting APO-go POD. Domperidone should be started at least 2 days before APO-go POD to stop you feeling or being sick. If you are taking domperidone and still feel sick, or if you are not taking domperidone and have sickness, tell your doctor, pharmacist or nurse as soon as possible.
  • feeling extremely sleepy
  • confusion or hallucinations
  • yawning
  • feeling dizzy or light-headed
  • feeling sleepy for a short period of time, especially when the medication is first started. This usually resolves over the first few weeks Uncommon: may affect up to 1 in 100 people
  • increased involuntary movements or increased shakiness during 'on' periods
  • haemolytic anaemia, an abnormal breakdown of red blood cells in the blood vessels or elsewhere in the body. This is an uncommon side effect that can occur in patients also taking levodopa.
  • suddenly falling asleep
  • rashes
  • breathing difficulties
  • injection site ulceration and breakdown of tissue
  • reduction in blood platelets, which increases the risk of bleeding or bruising
  • feeling dizzy or light-headed when standing up from a sitting or lying position due to low blood pressure Rare: may affect up to 1 in 1,000 people
  • eosinophilia, an abnormally high amount of white blood cells in the blood or in body tissues Not known: frequency cannot be estimated from the available data
  • swelling of the arms, legs, feet or hands
  • inability to resist the impulse, drive or temptation to perform an action that could be harmful to you or others, which may include: − strong impulse to gamble excessively despite serious personal or family consequences − altered or increased sexual interest and behaviour of significant concern to you or to others, for example, an increased sexual drive − uncontrollable excessive shopping or spending − binge eating (eating large amounts of food in a short time period) or compulsive eating (eating more food than normal and more than is needed to satisfy your hunger)
  • fainting
  • aggression, agitation

•

headache

Tell your doctor if you experience any of these behaviours; she or he will discuss ways of managing or reducing the symptoms. Reporting of side effects If you get any side effects, talk to your doctor, pharmacist or nurse. This includes any possible side effects not listed in this leaflet. You can also report side effects directly via: Yellow Card Scheme Website: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard By reporting side effects you can help provide more information on the safety of this medicine.

How to store it

APO-go POD Keep this medicine out of the sight and reach of children. Do not use this medicine after the expiry date which is stated on the label and carton after EXP. The expiry date refers to the last day of that month. Do not store above 30°C. Once opened, APO-go POD should be used immediately. Any unused solution should be discarded after 48 hours and a new cartridge used. Do not use this medicine if you notice that the solution has turned green. It should only be used if the solution is clear, colourless and free of any visible particles. Take care not to splash any of the solution onto yourself, or the carpet as it may stain green. At the end of use, the infusion line, CronoBell Sleeve and cartridge should be discarded in a 'Sharps' bin. Do not throw away any medicines via wastewater or household waste. Ask your pharmacist how to throw away medicines you no longer use. These measures will help protect the environment.

Contents of the pack and other information

What APO-go POD contains − −

The active substance is apomorphine hydrochloride hemihydrate. 1 ml of APO-go POD solution contains 5 mg apomorphine hydrochloride hemihydrate. Each 20 ml cartridge contains 100 mg apomorphine hydrochloride hemihydrate. The other ingredients are: − sodium metabisulfite (E223) − hydrochloric acid, concentrated (for pH adjustment) − water for injections.

Refer to 'Section 2: APO-go POD contains sodium metabisulfite' regarding sodium metabisulfite. What APO-go POD looks like and contents of the pack APO-go POD is a solution for infusion in cartridge. The solution is clear and colourless. Contents of the pack

APO-go POD is supplied in a clear glass siliconized cartridge with a chlorobutyl rubber stopper (with aluminium seal and purple flip-off cap) and a siliconized chlorobutyl rubber plunger. Each pack contains 5 cartridges containing 20 ml solution in a cardboard tray, inside an outer cardboard carton. The CronoBell Sleeve is supplied separately in blister packs containing 5 CronoBell Sleeves. Single use Luer lock caps will be provided as required. Where bundle packs are available, the 25 cartridge bundle packs consist of 5 packs, each containing 5 cartridges. The 50 cartridge bundle packs consist of 10 packs, each containing 5 cartridges. Not all pack sizes may be available. Marketing Authorisation Holder and Manufacturer Marketing Authorisation Holder Britannia Pharmaceuticals Ltd. 200 Longwater Avenue Green Park Reading, Berkshire RG2 6GP UK Tel: +44 1189 209500 Email: [email protected] Manufacturer(s) STADA Arzneimittel AG Stadastraße 2 – 18, 61118 Bad Vilbel, Germany This medicine is authorised in the Member States of the European Economic Area and in the United Kingdom (Northern Ireland) under the following names: Austria: Denmark: Germany: Greece: Ireland: Luxembourg: Netherlands: Norway: Portugal: Romania: Slovenia: Spain: Sweden:

APO-go 5 mg/ml Infusionslösung in einer Patrone APO-go Pod APO-go 5 mg/ml Infusionslösung in einer Patrone APO-go POD 5 mg/ml Διάλυμα για έγχυση σε φυσίγγιο APO-go POD 5 mg/ml solution for infusion in cartridge APO-go POD 5 mg/ml solution pour perfusion en cartouche APO-go Pod 5 mg/ml oplossing voor infusie in een patroon Britaject Apo-go 5 mg/ml solução para perfusão em cartucho APO-go 5 mg/ml soluţie perfuzabilă în cartuș APO-go 5 mg/ml raztopina za infundiranje v vložku APO-go POD 5 mg/ml solución para perfusión en cartucho APO-go för POD 5 mg/ml infusionsvätska, lösning i cylinderampull

This leaflet was last revised in March 2024

How to set up the infusion with APO-go POD Wash and dry your hands before handling any infusion equipment. Make sure you have a 'Sharps' bin and these items before you begin: − − − − −

1 x Infusion line (for every 24 hours) 1 x CronoBell Sleeve 1 x Cartridge (containing the medicine) 1 x Pump (Crono APO-go III Infusion Pump or Crono PAR4 20 Infusion Pump) with collar attachment 1 x Tray

You may also be provided with: − 1 x box of single use sterile Luer caps

Infusion line

CronoBell Sleeve

Cartridge

Luer cap

Or

Crono APO-go III Infusion Pump with collar attachment

Crono PAR4 20 Infusion Pump with collar attachment

Please note that there are three different scenarios on how to use and change the cartridge and are shown in the steps below. Please follow the instructions below as directed by your healthcare professional.

Instructions for using the cartridge for one day Please follow the steps below if using the cartridge for one day, without changing the cartridge during the day:

1. Wash and dry your hands.

2. Remove the plastic cap from the cartridge and discard.

3. Remove the CronoBell Sleeve from its sterile packaging.

4. Connect the infusion line to the top of the CronoBell Sleeve and turn clockwise until tight.

5. Place the cartridge on a flat surface and push the CronoBell Sleeve firmly down onto the cartridge until the rubber bung in the top of the cartridge is pierced.

6. The CronoBell Sleeve (with cartridge and infusion line) is now ready to be connected to the pump.

7. Slide the CronoBell Sleeve (with cartridge inside) into the collar on the pump aligning the outer lip on the CronoBell Sleeve with the gap in the collar of the pump.

8. Once inserted, turn the CronoBell Sleeve (with cartridge inside) clockwise until it clicks into place.

10. Once the infusion line needle is inserted into the body, the pump can be switched on and the infusion started.

11. Ensure the pusher of the pump is fully retracted, once this is done the CronoBell Sleeve (with cartridge inside) and the infusion line can be turned and detached.

At the end of the infusion stop the pump and detach the infusion line from the body/patient. The infusion is generally stopped before sleeping.

9. If instructed by your healthcare professional, the infusion line can be primed. Insert the infusion line, as directed by your healthcare professional. Please refer to the APO-go Skin Management Guide.

12. Dispose of the CronoBell Sleeve (with cartridge inside) and the infusion line in a sharps bin.

Instructions for using the same cartridge over 2 days Please use the following steps if using the cartridge up to a maximum of 48 hours:

1. Wash and dry your hands.

2. Remove the plastic cap from the cartridge and discard.

3. Remove the CronoBell Sleeve from its sterile packaging.

4. Connect the infusion line to the top of the CronoBell Sleeve and turn clockwise until tight.

5. Place the cartridge on a flat surface and push the CronoBell Sleeve firmly down onto the cartridge until the rubber bung in the top of the cartridge is pierced.

6. The CronoBell Sleeve (with cartridge and infusion line) is now ready to be connected to the pump.

7. Slide the CronoBell Sleeve (with cartridge inside) into the collar on the pump aligning the outer lip on the CronoBell

8. Once inserted, turn the CronoBell Sleeve (with cartridge inside) clockwise until it clicks into place.

9. If instructed by your healthcare professional, the infusion line can be primed. Insert the infusion line, as directed by your healthcare

Sleeve with the gap in the collar of the pump.

professional. Please refer to the APO-go Skin Management Guide.

How to put the pump with cartridge and CronoBell sleeve away for the night (steps 11-13)

10. Once the infusion line needle is inserted into the body, the pump can be switched on and the infusion started.

11. Wash and dry your hands as in step 1 and detach the infusion line from the body/patient. Place the pump standing upwards on the tray with the cartridge/sleeve still attached. Detach the infusion line from the pump and dispose of in the sharps bin.

At the end of the infusion stop the pump. The infusion is generally stopped before sleeping.

Wipe any spillage with the alcohol wipe.

How to start the infusion the following morning (steps 14-17)

12. Screw the sterile Luer cap onto the CronoBell Sleeve (leaving cartridge inside).

13. Place the tray with the infusion pump in a safe place. Store below 30°C and do not refrigerate. Keep out of reach from children.

14. The following day, wash and dry your hands.

15. Unscrew the Luer cap and dispose of in the bin. Clean the top of the CronoBell Sleeve with an alcohol wipe. Immediately, take a new infusion line and connect to the top of the CronoBell Sleeve (with cartridge still inside) by turning clockwise until tight.

16. If instructed by your healthcare professional, the infusion line can be primed. Insert the infusion line, as directed by your healthcare professional. Please refer to the APO-go Skin Management Guide.

17. Once the infusion line needle is inserted into the body, the pump can be switched on and the infusion restarted.

18. Ensure the pusher of the pump is fully retracted, once this is done the CronoBell Sleeve (with cartridge inside) and the infusion line can be turned and detached.

19. Dispose of the CronoBell Sleeve (with cartridge inside) and the infusion line in a sharps bin.

At the end of the infusion stop the pump and detach the infusion line from the body/patient.

Instructions for changing the cartridge during the day If you are using the cartridge for more than one day, it may be necessary to use a new cartridge when the old one finishes. Please use the following steps when changing the cartridge during the day:

1. Wash and dry your hands.

2. Remove the plastic cap from the new cartridge and discard.

3. Remove the CronoBell Sleeve from its sterile packaging.

4. Place the cartridge on a flat surface and push the CronoBell Sleeve firmly down onto the cartridge until the rubber bung in the top of the cartridge is pierced.

5. The CronoBell Sleeve (with cartridge) is now ready to be connected to the pump. Wipe any spillage with the alcohol wipe.

6. Stop the infusion.

7. Detach the infusion line from the used CronoBell sleeve (with cartridge inside), leaving the infusion line in the skin.

8. Wipe the end of the infusion line with a new alcohol wipe. In order to prevent contamination, do not touch the end of the infusion line except to wipe it.

9. Connect the infusion line to the new CronoBell Sleeve (with cartridge inside).

10. Ensure the pusher of the pump is fully retracted, once this is done the used CronoBell Sleeve (with cartridge inside) can be turned and detached.

11. Dispose of the used CronoBell Sleeve (with cartridge inside) in a sharps bin.

12. Slide the new CronoBell Sleeve (with cartridge inside) into the collar on the pump aligning the outer lip on the CronoBell Sleeve with the gap in the collar of the pump.

13. Once inserted, turn the CronoBell Sleeve (with cartridge inside) clockwise until it clicks into place.

14. The pump can be switched on and the infusion started.

Note: Different infusion lines require different insertion techniques. The choice of needle will be determined by the doctor User guides for the pump and CronoBell Sleeve are provided for the healthcare professional, refer to your healthcare professional for details on how to set up APO-go POD for continuous infusion and additional dosing (referred to as a boost or bolus dose). There are differences in the dosing pump of this product and other apomorphine products on the market. Therefore if you switch from or to a different product, re-training under the supervision of a healthcare professional is required.

Frequently asked questions about APO-go POD 5 mg/ml solution for infusion in cartridge

How do I take APO-go POD 5 mg/ml solution for infusion in cartridge?

APO-go POD 5 mg/ml solution for infusion in cartridge comes as infusion containing 5mg/ml. Always follow the dose your doctor or pharmacist has given you, and read the leaflet that comes with the medicine.

What is the active substance in APO-go POD 5 mg/ml solution for infusion in cartridge?

The active substance in APO-go POD 5 mg/ml solution for infusion in cartridge is apomorphine hydrochloride hemihydrate.

Are there equivalent medicines to APO-go POD 5 mg/ml solution for infusion in cartridge?

Medicines with the same active substance, strength and form include: APO-go PFS 5mg/ml Solution for Infusion in Pre-filled Syringe, Dacepton 5 mg/ml solution for infusion. They are interchangeable only if your prescriber or pharmacist says so.

Where does this information come from?

This leaflet reproduces the patient information leaflet approved for APO-go POD 5 mg/ml solution for infusion in cartridge, as published on the electronic medicines compendium (emc). The version printed inside your medicine’s packaging is the one that applies to you.

Can I get APO-go POD 5 mg/ml solution for infusion in cartridge without a prescription?

Whether a medicine is available over the counter or on prescription only depends on its licence. Check the leaflet, or ask your pharmacist — they can tell you straight away.

About this leaflet

The text above reproduces the patient information leaflet approved for this medicine, restructured for easier reading.

Medical disclaimer: This page is for information only and does not replace advice from your doctor or pharmacist. Always read the leaflet supplied with your medicine. If you are unwell, call NHS 111; in an emergency, call 999.

Medicines with the same active substance: Apomorphine hydrochloride hemihydrate (3 medicines)
See every medicine containing this substance, or browse the full A–Z of active substances.
⚕For healthcare professionals — Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)Full SmPC: dosage, interactions, contraindications, warnings+
Technical information intended for healthcare professionals (doctors and pharmacists). The Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) is the official document approved by the MHRA/EMA. It does not replace the patient leaflet or a doctor’s advice.

4.1. Therapeutic indications

APO-go POD is indicated in adults.

Treatment of motor fluctuations ('on-off' phenomena) in patients with Parkinson's disease which are not sufficiently controlled by oral anti-Parkinson medication.

4.2. Posology and method of administration

Selection of Patients Suitable for APO-go POD:

Patients who have shown a good 'on' period response during the initiation stage of apomorphine therapy, but whose overall control remains unsatisfactory using intermittent injections, or who require many and frequent injections, may be transferred to continuous subcutaneous infusion by minipump. Patients who have frequent 'off' periods not controlled by oral/transdermal medication may also be commenced on continuous subcutaneous infusion by minipump without prior use of intermittent injections.

Patients selected for treatment with APO-go POD should be capable of setting up an infusion system themselves or else have a responsible carer able to set up an infusion system for them when required.

Patients treated with apomorphine will usually need to start domperidone at least two days prior to initiation of therapy. The domperidone dose should be titrated to the lowest effective dose and discontinued whenever possible. Before the decision to initiate domperidone and apomorphine treatment, risk factors for QT interval prolongation in the individual patient should be carefully assessed to ensure that the benefit outweighs the risk (see Section 4.4).

Apomorphine should be initiated in the controlled environment of a clinic. During the titration phase of apomorphine the patient should be supervised by a trained healthcare professional experienced in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (e.g. neurologist). The patient's treatment with levodopa, with or without dopamine agonists, should be optimised before starting APO-go POD treatment.

Posology

Determination of Threshold Dose

The threshold dose for continuous infusion should be determined as follows: Continuous infusion is started at a rate of 1 mg apomorphine (0.2 ml) per hour then increased according to the individual response each day. Increases in the infusion rate should not exceed 0.5 mg - 1.0 mg/hr per day. Once there is adequate control of motor symptoms, the infusion rate can remain stable and will usually range between 2 mg/hr and 8 mg/hr (0.4 ml and 1.6 ml). Infusions should run for waking hours only. 24 hour infusions are not advised, unless the patient is experiencing severe night-time problems (as directed by their physician). Please note that the recommended total daily dose should not exceed 100 mg.

Patients may use a cartridge for up to 48 hours as long as a new infusion line and a different site for infusion is used every 24 hours.

Patients may need to supplement their continuous infusion with intermittent bolus boosts, as necessary, and as directed by their physician (but not exceeding the 100 mg maximum daily dose).

Tolerance to the therapy does not seem to occur as long as there is an overnight period without treatment of at least 4 hours. In any event, the infusion site should be changed every 24 hours.

Establishment of treatment

Alterations in dosage may be made according to the patient's response. The optimal dosage of apomorphine varies between individuals but, once established, remains relatively constant for each patient.

Precautions on continuing treatment

In clinical studies it has usually been possible to make some reduction in the dose of levodopa and other anti-Parkinson medications; this effect varies considerably between patients and needs to be carefully managed by an experienced physician.

Once treatment has been established domperidone therapy may be gradually reduced in some patients and discontinued altogether whenever possible.

Paediatric population

APO-go POD is contraindicated for children and adolescents under 18 years of age (see Section 4.3).

Elderly

The elderly are well represented in the population of patients with Parkinson's disease and constitute a high proportion of those studied in clinical trials of apomorphine. The management of elderly patients treated with apomorphine has not differed from that of younger patients. However, extra caution is recommended during initiation of therapy in elderly patients because of the risk of postural hypotension.

Renal impairment

A dose schedule similar to that recommended for adults, and the elderly, can be followed for patients with renal impairment (see Section 4.4).

Method of Administration

APO-go POD is for subcutaneous use.

APO-go POD is a pre-diluted solution intended for use without dilution as a continuous subcutaneous infusion by minipump. APO-go POD is designed to be used with a pump (Crono APO-go III Infusion Pump or the Crono PAR4 20 Infusion Pump) and the Crono Bell Sleeve. These are CE marked medical devices.

A summary of the instructions for setting up the infusion can be found in Section 6.6.

Apomorphine must not be used via the intravenous route.

Do not use if the solution has turned green. The solution should be inspected visually prior to use. Only clear, colourless and particle free solution should be used.

4.3. Contraindications

In patients with respiratory depression, dementia, psychotic diseases or hepatic insufficiency.

Apomorphine treatment must not be administered to patients who have an 'on' response to levodopa which is marred by severe dyskinesia or dystonia.

Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients listed in Section 6.1.

The concomitant use of apomorphine with drugs of the 5HT3 antagonist class is contraindicated (including, for example, ondansetron, granisetron, dolasetron, palonosetron and alosetron), see Section 4.5.

APO-go POD is contraindicated for children and adolescents under 18 years of age.

4.4. Special warnings and precautions for use

Apomorphine should be given with caution to patients with renal, pulmonary or cardiovascular disease and persons prone to nausea and vomiting.

Extra caution is recommended during initiation of therapy in elderly and/or debilitated patients.

Since apomorphine may produce hypotension, even when given with domperidone pre-treatment, care should be exercised in patients with pre- existing cardiac disease or in patients taking vasoactive medicinal products such as antihypertensives, and especially in patients with pre-existing postural hypotension.

Since apomorphine, especially at high doses, may have the potential for QT prolongation, caution should be exercised when treating patients at risk for torsades de pointes arrhythmia.

When used in combination with domperidone, risk factors in the individual patient should be carefully assessed. This should be done before treatment initiation, and during treatment. Important risk factors include serious underlying heart conditions such as congestive cardiac failure, severe hepatic impairment or significant electrolyte disturbance. Also medication possibly affecting electrolyte balance, CYP3A4 metabolism or QT interval should be assessed. Monitoring for an effect on the QTc interval is advisable. An ECG should be performed:

- prior to treatment with domperidone

- during the treatment initiation phase

- as clinically indicated thereafter.

The patient should be instructed to report possible cardiac symptoms including palpitations, syncope, or near-syncope. They should also report clinical changes that could lead to hypokalaemia, such as gastroenteritis or the initiation of diuretic therapy.

At each medical visit, risk factors should be revisited.

Apomorphine is associated with local subcutaneous effects. These can sometimes be reduced by the rotation and massage of injection sites and good skin hygiene.

Haemolytic anaemia and thrombocytopenia have been reported in patients treated with apomorphine. Haematology tests, as recommended with levodopa, should be undertaken at regular intervals.

Caution is advised when combining apomorphine with other medicinal products, especially those with a narrow therapeutic range (see Section 4.5).

Neuropsychiatric problems co-exist in many patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. There is evidence that for some patients neuropsychiatric disturbances may be exacerbated by apomorphine. Special care should be exercised when apomorphine is used in these patients.

Apomorphine has been associated with somnolence and episodes of sudden sleep onset, particularly in patients with Parkinson's disease. Patients must be informed of this and advised to exercise caution whilst driving or operating machines during treatment with apomorphine. Patients who have experienced somnolence and/or an episode of sudden sleep onset must refrain from driving or operating machines. Furthermore, a reduction of dosage may be considered.

Impulse control disorders

Patients should be regularly monitored for the development of impulse control disorders. Patients and carers should be made aware that behavioural symptoms of impulse control disorders including pathological gambling, increased libido, hypersexuality, compulsive spending or buying, binge eating and compulsive eating can occur in patients treated with dopamine agonists including apomorphine. Dose reduction/tapered discontinuation should be considered if such symptoms develop.

Dopamine Dysregulation Syndrome (DDS) is an addictive disorder resulting in excessive use of the product seen in some patients treated with apomorphine. Before initiation of treatment, patients and caregivers should be warned of the potential risk of developing DDS.

APO-go POD contains sodium metabisulfite which may rarely cause severe hypersensitivity reactions and bronchospasm.

This medicine contains less than 1 mmol sodium (23 mg) per 20 ml cartridge, that is to say essentially 'sodium-free'.

4.5. Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction

Patients selected for treatment with apomorphine are almost certain to be taking concomitant medicinal products for their Parkinson's disease. In the initial stages of apomorphine therapy the patient should be monitored for unusual undesirable effects or signs of potentiation of effect.

Neuroleptic medicinal products may have an antagonistic effect if used with apomorphine. There is a potential interaction between clozapine and apomorphine, however clozapine may also be used to reduce the symptoms of neuropsychiatric complications.

If neuroleptic medicinal products have to be used in patients with Parkinson's disease treated by dopamine agonists, a gradual reduction in apomorphine dose may be considered when administration is by minipump (symptoms suggestive of neuroleptic malignant syndrome have been reported rarely with abrupt withdrawal of dopaminergic therapy).

Based on reports of severe hypotension and loss of consciousness when apomorphine was administered with ondansetron, the concomitant use of apomorphine with drugs of the 5HT3 antagonist class is contraindicated (including, for example, ondansetron, granisetron, dolasetron, palonosetron and alosetron) (see Section 4.3).

Antiemetics with anti-dopaminergic actions (for example, haloperidol, chlorpromazine, promethazine, prochlorperazine, metoclopramide, levopromazine and droperidol) have the potential to worsen the symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease and should be avoided. In addition, use of these anti-emetics could increase the risk of QT prolongation, hypotension and torsade de pointes arrhythmias.

Caution is advised when combining apomorphine with other medicinal products, especially those with a narrow therapeutic range.

Antihypertensive and Cardiac Active Medicinal Products

Even when co-administered with domperidone, apomorphine may potentiate the antihypertensive effects of these medicinal products (see Section 4.4).

It is recommended to avoid the administration of apomorphine with other drugs known to prolong the QT interval.

4.6. Fertility, pregnancy and lactation

Pregnancy

There is no experience of apomorphine usage in pregnant women.

Animal reproduction studies do not indicate any teratogenic effects, but doses given to rats which are toxic to the mother can lead to failure to breathe in the newborn. See Section 5.3.

APO-go POD should not be used during pregnancy unless clearly necessary and, if used, the risk of depressed respiration in newborns warrants close monitoring immediately following delivery.

Breast-feeding

It is not known whether apomorphine is excreted in human breast milk. A decision on whether to continue/discontinue breast-feeding or to continue/discontinue therapy with APO-go POD should be made taking into account the benefit of breast-feeding to the child and the benefit of APO-go POD to the woman.

Fertility

There is no data on the effects of APO-go POD on fertility.

4.7. Effects on ability to drive and use machines

Apomorphine has minor or moderate influence on the ability to drive and use machines.

Patients being treated with apomorphine and presenting with somnolence and/or sudden sleep episodes must be informed to refrain from driving or engaging in activities (e.g. operating machines) where impaired alertness may put themselves or others at risk of serious injury or death until such recurrent episodes and somnolence have resolved (see also Section 4.4).

This medicine can impair cognitive function and can affect a patient's ability to drive safely. This class of medicine is in the list of drugs included in regulations under 5a of the Road Traffic Act 1988. When prescribing this medicine, patients should be told:

- The medicine is likely to affect your ability to drive

- Do not drive until you know how the medicine affects you

- It is an offence to drive while under the influence of this medicine

- However, you would not be committing an offence (called 'statutory defence') if:

o The medicine has been prescribed to treat a medical or dental problem and

o You have taken it according to the instructions given by the prescriber and in the information provided with the medicine and

o It was not affecting your ability to drive safely.

4.8. Undesirable effects

Very common (≥1/10)

Common (≥1/100 to <1/10)

Uncommon (≥1/1,000 to <1/100)

Rare (≥1/10,000 to <1/1,000)

Very rare (<1/10,000)

Not known (cannot be estimated from the available data)

System Organ Class

Very Common

Common

Uncommon

Rare

Very Rare

Not known

Blood and lymphatic system disorders

Haemolytic- anaemia, thrombocytopenia

Eosinophilia

Immune system disorders

Allergic reactions (including anaphylaxis and bronchospasm)1

Psychiatric disorders

Hallucinations

Neuro- psychiatric disturbances (including transient mild confusion and visual hallucinations)

Impulse control disorders2, aggression, agitation

Nervous system disorders

Transient sedation3, somnolence, dizziness/ light headedness

Dyskinesia4, sudden sleep onset episodes5

Syncope, headache

Vascular disorders

Postural hypotension6

Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders

Yawning

Breathing difficulties

Gastrointestinal disorders

Nausea7, vomiting7

Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders

Local and generalised rashes

General disorders and administration site conditions

Infusion site reactions8

Injection site necrosis and ulceration

Peripheral oedema

Investigations

Positive Coombs' test

1 due to the presence of sodium metabisulfite

2 includes: pathological gambling, increased libido, hyper-sexuality, compulsive spending or buying, binge eating and compulsive eating) see Section 4.4

3 at the start of therapy may occur; this usually resolves over the first few weeks

4 during 'on' periods, which can be severe in some cases, and in a few patients may result in cessation of therapy

5 see Section 4.4

6 postural hypotension is usually transient (see Section 4.4)

7 particularly when apomorphine treatment is first initiated, sometimes as a result of the omission of domperidone (see Section 4.2)

8 these may include subcutaneous nodules, induration, erythema, tenderness, panniculitis, and local reactions such as irritation, itching, bruising, pain

Reporting of suspected adverse reactions

Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via

Yellow Card Scheme

Website: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store.

4.9. Overdose

There is little clinical experience of overdose with apomorphine by this route of administration. Symptoms of overdose may be treated empirically as suggested below:

- excessive emesis may be treated with domperidone

- respiratory depression may be treated with naloxone

- hypotension: appropriate measures should be taken, e.g. raising the foot of the bed

- bradycardia may be treated with atropine.

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Answers come from the patient leaflet published on the electronic medicines compendium (emc). They are not medical advice. Ask a pharmacist or your GP if you are unsure. For urgent help call NHS 111, or 999 in an emergency.

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